Untangling the Conundrum of the Panel of Consultants’ Utilization in Indonesia
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Abstract
This interpretivism study utilizes the Oligopticon theory to investigate the underutilization of the Panel of Consultants in Indonesia by identifying the reasons behind its infrequent use and proposing effective solutions. The study employs thematic analysis to process data collected from various sources into thematic codes. In 2018, the Committee for Acceleration of Priority Infrastructure Delivery formed the Panel of Consultants to streamline the consultancy services selection in National Strategic Projects and other priority infrastructures yet was not optimally utilized. The findings indicate that the Panel's underutilization stems primarily from inadequate dissemination, budget constraints, and consultant- related issues. To address these challenges, the study proposes a strategic approach comprising disseminating and expanding knowledge, regular updates and provision of consultant resources, and mandatory usage coupled with centralized budgeting. This study provides regulators with valuable insights into assessing the effectiveness of the Panel of Consultants as a tool for expediting infrastructure development. The findings are crucial for future considerations on its re-establishment. By exploring the Oligopticon theory in the context of public procurement and delving into the method of consultancy selection, the research addresses a significant gap in the literature, offering a unique perspective rarely covered in earlier studies.
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PRATIWI, Tammy Amelia; QADRI, Resi Ariyasa.
Untangling the Conundrum of the Panel of Consultants’ Utilization in Indonesia.
Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 75-96, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2580-4820.
Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/869>. Date accessed: 02 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v8i1.869.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Ascarya, A., Sukmana, R., Rahmawat i, S., & Masrifah, A. R. (2022). Developing cash waqf models for Baitul Maal wat Tamwil as integrated Islamic social and commercial microfinance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2020-0267
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Boll, K. (2014). Shady car dealings and taxing work practices: An ethnography of a tax audit process. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2013.12.004
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Budiyanti, E. (2018). Strategi peningkatan peran swasta dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Info Singkat: Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual Dan Strategis, 10(4), 19–24.
Building and Construction Authority of Singapore. (2021). Public Sector Panels of Consultants (PSPC). https://www1.bca.go v.sg/ procurement/pre-tender-stage/public- sector-panels-of-consultants-pspc
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Crown Commercial Service. (2018). About Crown Commercial Service (CCS). https://www. crowncommercial.gov.uk/about-ccs/
Ervianto, W. I. (2017). Tantangan Pembangunan Infrastruktur dalam Proyek Strat egis Nasional Indonesia. Prosiding Simposium II –UNIID, September 2017, 98–103.
European Investment Bank. (2018). Framework agreement to support EIB advisory services (EIBAS) activities inside and outside EU-28. https://www.eib.org/en/about/procurement/calls/all/vp-1259.htm
Fauzi, F. (2021). Social justice: The basis for impl ement ing compensa t ion in l a nd acquisition for the national strategic projects in Indonesia. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 7(1), 14–27. https: //doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v711.452
Goldston, J. (2021). Critical Competencies of Supply Chain Leaders During Digital Transformations. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 23(1). https://doi. org/10.33423/jabe.v23i1.4059
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Harivarman, D. (2017). Hambatan komunikasi internal di organisasi pemerintahan. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(3), 508–519.
Heriyanto, M., & Yumna, M. (2022). Economic transformation helps Indonesia reach high- income nation goal. https://en.antaranews.com/news/243445/economic-transformation-helps-indonesia-reach-high- income-nation-goal
Hidayat, P., Hardjomuljadi, S., & Amin, M. (2021). Hambatan Pada Pengadaan Jasa Konsultan Secara E-Seleksi di Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Konstruksia, 12(2), 69–87.
Isa, A. A. (2016). Bureaucracy and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 3(12), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijamr
Ismail, A. M., Hasan, M. R., Clark, C., & Sadique, R. B. M. (2018). Public Sector Procurement: The Effectiveness of Monitoring Mechanism. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 13(2), 147–172.
Kharel, P., Jha, K., Shakya, S., & Pokharel, M. (2014). E-Government implementing challenges verification using Fuzzy logic. 2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 923–929. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IAdCC.2014.6779446
KPPIP. (2019a). Laporan Semester II KPPIP 2019. https://kppip.go.id/publikasi/laporan- semester-kppip/
KPPIP. (2019b). Panel Konsultan Proyek Infrastruktur Akhirnya Terbentuk. https://kppip.go.id/berita/panel-konsultan-proyek- infrastruktur-akhirnya-terbentuk/
KPPIP. (2019c). Sosialisasi Panel Konsultan Zona 1 (Timur). https://kppip.go.id/galeri-foto/sosialisasi-panel-konsultan-zona-1-timur/
Krisnuwardana, A. P. (2014). Pengembangan Model Pemilihan Kualifikasi Konsultan Tenaga Ahli Pada Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum Cipta Karya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Universitas Airlangga.
Kusnandar, V. B. (2022). Anggaran Infrastruktur Turun Jadi Rp365,8 Triliun pada 2022. https: //databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/04/07/anggaran-infrastruktur-turun-jadi-rp3658-triliun-pada-2022
Larsen, J., Lindhard, S. M., Brunoe, T. D., & Jensen, K. N. (2018). The Relation between Pre-planning, Commissioning and Enhanced Project Performance. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 18(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB. V18I2.5762
Latour, B. (1998). Thought Experiments in Social Science: From the Social Contract to Virtual Society. Bunel University. http://www.artefaktum.hu/it/Latour.htm
Latour, B., & Hermant, E. (1998). Paris, ville invisible. https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1999.2281
Latour, B., & Hermant, E. (2006). Paris: Invisible City. http://architecturalnetworks.research.mcgill. ca/assets/invisible_paris_latour-min.pdf
Lauer, T. (2020). Consultation as a success factor: Using professional consultants. In Change Management (pp. 203–2014). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62187-5_13
Maryaningsih, N., Hermansyah, O., & Savitri, M. (2014). Pengaruh Infrastruktur terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 17(1), 62–98. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v17i1
Masengesho, E., Wei, J., Niyirora, R., & Umubyeyi, N. (2021). Relationship between project consultants’ performance and project success in the Rwandan construction industry. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9, 138–154. https://doi. org/10.4236/wjet.2021.91011
New Zealand Government. (2017a). Consultancy services. https://www.procurement.govt.nz/contracts/consultancy-services/
New Zealand Government. (2017b). Consultancy services providers. https://www.procurement. govt.nz/contracts/consultancy-services/ consultancy-services-providers/
Ojo, E. O. (2019). Project Managers’ Capacity- Planning Practices for Infrastructure Projects in Qatar. Walden University.
Othman, I., Shafiq, N., & Nuruddin, M. F. (2017). Quality planning in Construction Project. International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ICACE 2017), 1–6. https://doi.or g/10.1088/1757- 899X/291/1/012017
Purnomo, A. (2018). Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Komunikasi Organisasi Pemerintahan Di Indonesia. Jurnal No ken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.33506/ jn.v3i2.111
Rahman, D. F. (2022). Anggaran Infrastruktur 2023 Meningkat Jadi Rp 392 Triliun. https: //databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/08/16/anggaran-infrastruktur-2023-meningkat-jadi-rp392-triliun
Republic of the Philippines. (2023). PDMF Overview as of May 2023. https://ppp.gov. ph/pdmf/overview/
Salim, W., & Negara, S. D. (2018). Infrastructure Development under the Jokowi Administration: Progress, Challenges and Policies. Journal of Southeast Asia Economies, 35(3), 386–401. https://doi. org/10.2307/26545320
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Scharp, K. M., & Sanders, M. L. (2018). What is a theme? Teaching thematic analysis in qualitative communication research methods. http://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats? https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2018.1536794
Shiva, R., Tony, G., & Reames. (2020). “If we had a little more flexibility.” perceptions of programmatic challenges and opportunities implementing government-funded low-incomeenergyefficiency programs. Energy Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. ENPOL.2020.111880
Sopian, Johantri, B., & Aprilia, R. (2023). The lack of a strong and accountable public procurement ecosystem in West Papua to prevent corruption. Jurnal Tata Kelola Dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara, 9(1), 103–121.
Surachman, E. N., Perwitasari, S. W., & Suhendra, M. (2022). Stakeholder management mapping to improve public-private partnership success in emerging country water projects: Indonesia’s experience. Utilities Policy, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2022.101411
Surachman, E. N., Suhendra, M., Prabowo, S., & Handayani, D. (2021). Dinamika Penyiapan Proyek Kerja Sama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha di Indonesia. Elex Media Komputindo.
Thomas, D. R. (2017). Feedback from research participants: are member checks useful in qualitative research? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2016.1219435
Widjaja, W. (2020). Perbandingan Metode Pendukung Keputusan Dalam Seleksi Konsultan Desain Rekayasa. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 1(3), 235–243.
Adu-Ampong, E. A. (2017). Divided We Stand: Institutional Collaboration in Tourism Planning and Development in the Central Region of Ghana. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 295–314.
Ahdiat, A. (2023). Sesuai Ramalan IMF, Ekonomi Indonesia Tumbuh 5,31% pada 2022. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/ datapublish/2023/02/06/sesuai-ramalan- imf-ek onomi-indonesia-tumbuh-531- pada-2022
Albrechtslund, A., & Lauritsen, P. (2013). Spaces of everyday surveillance: Unfolding an analytical concept of participation. Geoforum, 49(December 2018), 310–316. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.04.016
Alharahsheh, H. H., & Pius, A. (2020). A review of key paradigms: positivism vs interpretivism. Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 39–43.
Ascarya, A., Sukmana, R., Rahmawat i, S., & Masrifah, A. R. (2022). Developing cash waqf models for Baitul Maal wat Tamwil as integrated Islamic social and commercial microfinance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2020-0267
Asian Development Bank. (2023). Indefinite Delivery Contracts/Framework Agreement- Consulting Services. https://www.adb.org/business/operational-procurement/consulting-idc
Attanayake, H., Wijewickrama, A., Idampitiya, D., Athukorala, S., Sooriarchchi, C., Udugamakorala, G., Peramuna, C., & Karunartne, M. (2021). “Buddy the saviour”: Selected managerial strategies deployed to facilitate Infection Control in a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from the National Referral Centre of Sri Lanka. College of Medical Administrators of Sri Lanka, 22(1), 20–24.
Australian Government. (2022). Whole of Australian Government Procurement. https://www. finance.gov.au/government/procurement/ whole-australian-government-procurement
Azka, R. M. (2018). Percepat Pembangunan PSN, KPPIP Bentuk Panel Konsultan Proyek Infrastruktur. Bisnis.Com. https://ekonomi. bisnis.com/read/20181220/45/871636/ percepat-pembangunan-psn-kppip-bentuk- panel-konsutan-proyek-infrastruktur
Baidarus, M. (2021). Infrastruktur Masih Jadi Tumpuan Dongkrak Ekonomi di Tengah Pandemi. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5697178/infrastruktur-masih-jadi-tumpuan-dongkrak-ekonomi-di-tengah-pandemi
Bashar, T., Fung, I. W. H., Jaillon, L. C., & Wang, D. (2021). Major Obstacles to Public-Private Partnership (PPP)-Financed Infrastructure Development in China. Sustainability, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126718
Bishop, C. E., & Tolley, G. S. (1963). Education For A Changing World of Work, Report of The Panel of Consultants of Vocational Education. Appendix II, Manpower in Farming and Related Occupations.
Boll, K. (2014). Shady car dealings and taxing work practices: An ethnography of a tax audit process. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2013.12.004
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi. org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328–352. https://doi.or g/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238
Budiyanti, E. (2018). Strategi peningkatan peran swasta dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Info Singkat: Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual Dan Strategis, 10(4), 19–24.
Building and Construction Authority of Singapore. (2021). Public Sector Panels of Consultants (PSPC). https://www1.bca.go v.sg/ procurement/pre-tender-stage/public- sector-panels-of-consultants-pspc
Clark, H. F., Brookover, W., Nosow, S., Moore, B. M., & Hoyt, E. E. (1963). Education For A Changing World of Work, Report of The Panel of Consultants of Vocational Education. Appendix III.
Crown Commercial Service. (2018). About Crown Commercial Service (CCS). https://www. crowncommercial.gov.uk/about-ccs/
Ervianto, W. I. (2017). Tantangan Pembangunan Infrastruktur dalam Proyek Strat egis Nasional Indonesia. Prosiding Simposium II –UNIID, September 2017, 98–103.
European Investment Bank. (2018). Framework agreement to support EIB advisory services (EIBAS) activities inside and outside EU-28. https://www.eib.org/en/about/procurement/calls/all/vp-1259.htm
Fauzi, F. (2021). Social justice: The basis for impl ement ing compensa t ion in l a nd acquisition for the national strategic projects in Indonesia. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 7(1), 14–27. https: //doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v711.452
Goldston, J. (2021). Critical Competencies of Supply Chain Leaders During Digital Transformations. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 23(1). https://doi. org/10.33423/jabe.v23i1.4059
Government of Ireland. (2019). Public Procurement Guidelines for Goods and Services. Office of Government Procurement, Department of Public Expenditure and Reform. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/c23f5-public- procurement-guidelines-for-goods-and- services/
Harivarman, D. (2017). Hambatan komunikasi internal di organisasi pemerintahan. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(3), 508–519.
Heriyanto, M., & Yumna, M. (2022). Economic transformation helps Indonesia reach high- income nation goal. https://en.antaranews.com/news/243445/economic-transformation-helps-indonesia-reach-high- income-nation-goal
Hidayat, P., Hardjomuljadi, S., & Amin, M. (2021). Hambatan Pada Pengadaan Jasa Konsultan Secara E-Seleksi di Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Konstruksia, 12(2), 69–87.
Isa, A. A. (2016). Bureaucracy and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 3(12), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijamr
Ismail, A. M., Hasan, M. R., Clark, C., & Sadique, R. B. M. (2018). Public Sector Procurement: The Effectiveness of Monitoring Mechanism. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 13(2), 147–172.
Kharel, P., Jha, K., Shakya, S., & Pokharel, M. (2014). E-Government implementing challenges verification using Fuzzy logic. 2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 923–929. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IAdCC.2014.6779446
KPPIP. (2019a). Laporan Semester II KPPIP 2019. https://kppip.go.id/publikasi/laporan- semester-kppip/
KPPIP. (2019b). Panel Konsultan Proyek Infrastruktur Akhirnya Terbentuk. https://kppip.go.id/berita/panel-konsultan-proyek- infrastruktur-akhirnya-terbentuk/
KPPIP. (2019c). Sosialisasi Panel Konsultan Zona 1 (Timur). https://kppip.go.id/galeri-foto/sosialisasi-panel-konsultan-zona-1-timur/
Krisnuwardana, A. P. (2014). Pengembangan Model Pemilihan Kualifikasi Konsultan Tenaga Ahli Pada Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum Cipta Karya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Universitas Airlangga.
Kusnandar, V. B. (2022). Anggaran Infrastruktur Turun Jadi Rp365,8 Triliun pada 2022. https: //databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/04/07/anggaran-infrastruktur-turun-jadi-rp3658-triliun-pada-2022
Larsen, J., Lindhard, S. M., Brunoe, T. D., & Jensen, K. N. (2018). The Relation between Pre-planning, Commissioning and Enhanced Project Performance. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 18(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB. V18I2.5762
Latour, B. (1998). Thought Experiments in Social Science: From the Social Contract to Virtual Society. Bunel University. http://www.artefaktum.hu/it/Latour.htm
Latour, B., & Hermant, E. (1998). Paris, ville invisible. https://doi.org/10.3406/aru.1999.2281
Latour, B., & Hermant, E. (2006). Paris: Invisible City. http://architecturalnetworks.research.mcgill. ca/assets/invisible_paris_latour-min.pdf
Lauer, T. (2020). Consultation as a success factor: Using professional consultants. In Change Management (pp. 203–2014). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62187-5_13
Maryaningsih, N., Hermansyah, O., & Savitri, M. (2014). Pengaruh Infrastruktur terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 17(1), 62–98. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v17i1
Masengesho, E., Wei, J., Niyirora, R., & Umubyeyi, N. (2021). Relationship between project consultants’ performance and project success in the Rwandan construction industry. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9, 138–154. https://doi. org/10.4236/wjet.2021.91011
New Zealand Government. (2017a). Consultancy services. https://www.procurement.govt.nz/contracts/consultancy-services/
New Zealand Government. (2017b). Consultancy services providers. https://www.procurement. govt.nz/contracts/consultancy-services/ consultancy-services-providers/
Ojo, E. O. (2019). Project Managers’ Capacity- Planning Practices for Infrastructure Projects in Qatar. Walden University.
Othman, I., Shafiq, N., & Nuruddin, M. F. (2017). Quality planning in Construction Project. International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ICACE 2017), 1–6. https://doi.or g/10.1088/1757- 899X/291/1/012017
Purnomo, A. (2018). Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Komunikasi Organisasi Pemerintahan Di Indonesia. Jurnal No ken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.33506/ jn.v3i2.111
Rahman, D. F. (2022). Anggaran Infrastruktur 2023 Meningkat Jadi Rp 392 Triliun. https: //databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/08/16/anggaran-infrastruktur-2023-meningkat-jadi-rp392-triliun
Republic of the Philippines. (2023). PDMF Overview as of May 2023. https://ppp.gov. ph/pdmf/overview/
Salim, W., & Negara, S. D. (2018). Infrastructure Development under the Jokowi Administration: Progress, Challenges and Policies. Journal of Southeast Asia Economies, 35(3), 386–401. https://doi. org/10.2307/26545320
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Scharp, K. M., & Sanders, M. L. (2018). What is a theme? Teaching thematic analysis in qualitative communication research methods. http://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats? https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2018.1536794
Shiva, R., Tony, G., & Reames. (2020). “If we had a little more flexibility.” perceptions of programmatic challenges and opportunities implementing government-funded low-incomeenergyefficiency programs. Energy Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. ENPOL.2020.111880
Sopian, Johantri, B., & Aprilia, R. (2023). The lack of a strong and accountable public procurement ecosystem in West Papua to prevent corruption. Jurnal Tata Kelola Dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara, 9(1), 103–121.
Surachman, E. N., Perwitasari, S. W., & Suhendra, M. (2022). Stakeholder management mapping to improve public-private partnership success in emerging country water projects: Indonesia’s experience. Utilities Policy, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2022.101411
Surachman, E. N., Suhendra, M., Prabowo, S., & Handayani, D. (2021). Dinamika Penyiapan Proyek Kerja Sama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha di Indonesia. Elex Media Komputindo.
Thomas, D. R. (2017). Feedback from research participants: are member checks useful in qualitative research? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2016.1219435
Widjaja, W. (2020). Perbandingan Metode Pendukung Keputusan Dalam Seleksi Konsultan Desain Rekayasa. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 1(3), 235–243.