The Impact of the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) on the Worldwide Governance Indicator (WGI) in European Union Countries
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the impact of the e-Government Development Index (EGDI) on the Worldwide Governance Indicator (WGI) in European Union member countries. The EGDI is an index measurement that displays conditions related to the development of e-Government implementation in the member country of the United Nations, while the WGI is a series of governance indicators issued by the world bank that measures six dimensions of governance. The research method used in this research is a mixed method with collecting and analyzing data quantitatively by using Smart PLS 0.3 version, then collecting qualitative data analysis data by using qualitative methods collecting data from relevant scientific articles. The data sources for this research were obtained from the official website of the EGDI, the official website of the WGI, and literature studies of relevant scientific articles. The result of this study shows that the implementation of e-Government based on EGDI data in European Union countries has no impact on the six indicators of WGI as a whole. This is based on the results showing that the influence of the EGDI of European Union member countries on corruption control, government effectiveness, and voice of accountability is accepted, while the impact of the EGDI of European Union member countries on political stability and the absence of violence/terrorism, the quality of regulation and the rule of law is rejected. This research contributes to complement existing research by looking at the impact of implementing e-Government in European Union countries. This research is expected to be a reference in studying the implementation of e-Government in European Union countries so that it can be implemented effectively and efficiently.
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SOPHIA YULIANTINI, Lisa; NURMANDI, Achmad.
The Impact of the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) on the Worldwide Governance Indicator (WGI) in European Union Countries.
Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 140-153, june 2023.
ISSN 2580-4820.
Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/732>. Date accessed: 19 sep. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v7i2.732.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Ardielli, E. (2019). Use of TOPSIS Method for Assessing of Good Governance in European Union Countries. Review of Economic Perspectives, 19(3), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0012
Baldacci, E., & Frade, J. R. (2021). Advancing Digital Transformation in the Public Sector with Blockchain: A View from the European Union. In Disintermediation Economics (pp. 281–295). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65781-9_13
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Goede, M. (2019). E-Estonia: The e-government cases of Estonia, Singapore, and Curaҫao. Archives of Business Research, 7(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.72.6174
Gora, A., & de Wilde, P. (2022). The essence of democratic backsliding in the European Union: deliberation and rule of law. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(3), 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1855465
Hodžić, S., Ravšelj, D., & Jurlina Alibegović, D. (2021). E-Government Effectiveness and Efficiency in EU-28 and COVID-19. Central European Public Administration Review, 19(1), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2021.1.07
Laureti, L., Costantiello, A., & Leogrande, A. (2023). The Fight Against Corruption at Global Level. A Metric Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.4315359
Linhartova, V. (2022). The Role of E-Government in the Evaluation of the Quality of Governance in the Countries of the European Union. Croatian and Comparative Public Administration, 22(2), 267–287. https://doi. org/10.31297/hkju.22.2.4
Lips, W. (2020). The EU Commission’s digital tax proposals and its cross-platform impact in the EU and the OECD. Journal of European Integration, 42(7), 975–990. https://doi.or g/10.1080/07036337.2019.1705800
Lytras, M. D., & Şerban, A. C. (2020). E-Government Insights to Smart Cities Research: European Union (EU) Study and the Role of Regulations. IEEE Access, 8, 65313–65326. https://doi. org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982737
MacLean, D., & Titah, R. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on the Impacts of e-Government: A Public Value Perspective. Public Administration Review,82(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13413
Nam, T. (2019). Does E-Government Raise Effectiveness and Efficiency? Journal of Global Information Management, 27(3), 120–138. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.2019070107
Ni Wayan Rustiarini. (2019). The role of e-governmentin reducing corruption: A systematic review. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 7(3), 269–286.
Nnyanzi, J. B., Bbale, J. M., & Sendi, R. (2018). Financial Development and Tax Revenue: How Catalytic Are Political Development and Corruption? International Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(8), 92. https:// doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n8p92
Official website of the European Union. (2023). Access to information, transparency_European Union 2023-04-16 09_25_55Z. Directorate-General for Communication and Is an Official Website of the European Union. https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/principles-and-values/access-information_en
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Rahmadany, A. F. (2021). Literature Study of Electronic Government Implementation in the Perspective of Indonesia’s Electronic Government Ranking Dimensions. Jurnal Bina Praja, 13(2), 281–292. https://doi. org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.281-292
Russell, O. (2023). The Implications of Political Stability and Trust on Corruption in the European Union. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4363450
S.Darsono, S. N. A. C., Wong, W. K., Nguyen, T. T. H., Jati, H. F., & Dewanti, D. S. (2022). Good Governance and Sustainable Investment: The Effects of Governance Indicators on Stock Market Returns. Advances in Decision Sciences, 26(1), 69–101. https://doi.org/10.47654/v26y2022i1p69-101
Sala, E., Gaia, A., & Cerati, G. (2022). The Gray Digital Di vide in Social Netw or king Site Use in Europe: Results From a Quantitative Study. Social Science Computer Review, 40(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320909507
Seljan, S., Pejic Bach, M., & MILOLOžA, I. (2020). e-Government in European Countries: Gender and Ageing Digital Divide. Interdisciplinary Management Research, 16,1563–1584. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341277764
Stawska, J., & Jabłońska, M. (2022). Determinants of inclusive growth in the context of the theory of sustainable finance in the European union countries. Sustainability (Switzerland),14(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010100
Stellmach, C., Muzoora, M. R., & Thun, S. (2022). Digitalization of Health Data: Interoperability of the Proposed European Health Data Space. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 298, 132–136. https://doi.org/10.3233/ SHTI220922
Taherdoost, H. (2022). What are Different Research Approaches? Comprehensive Review of Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Research, Their Applications, Types, and Limitations. Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research, 5(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.30564/jmser.v5i1.4538
Tankovsky, O., & Endrődi-Kovács, V. (2021). The Economic Integration Maturity of Romania and Bulgaria. Global, Regional and Local Perspectives on the Economies of Southeastern Europe, 91–104. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030-57953-1_6
Tosun, J., Béland, D., & Papadopoulos, Y. (2022). The impact of direct democracy on policy change: insights from European citizens’ initiatives. Policy & Politics, 50(3), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557321X16476244758073
Tutak, M., & Brodny, J. (2022). Evaluating Differences in the Level of Working Conditions Between the European Union Member States Using Topsis and K-Means Methods. Decision Making : Applications in Management and Engineering, 5(2), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame0305102022t
Twizeyimana, J. D., & Andersson, A. (2019). The public value of E-Government – A literature review. Government Information Quarterly,36(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001
Waheduzzaman, W., & Khandaker, S. (2022). E-participation for combating corruption, increasing voice and accountability, and developing government effectiveness: A cross-country data analysis. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 81(4),549–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12544
Walke, F., Winkler, T. J., & Le, M. (2023). Success of Digital Identity Infrastructure: A Grounded Model of eID Evolution Success. Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4, 1920–1929. https:// hdl.handle.net/10125/102870
Zhu, Y., & Kou, G. (2019). Linking smart governance to future generations: A study on the use of local e-government service among undergraduate students in a Chinese municipality. Informatics, 6(4). https://doi. org/10.3390/informatics6040045
Ahmić, A., & Isović, I. (2023). The impact of regulatory quality on deepens level of financial integration: Evidence from the European Union countries (NMS -10). ECONOMICS, 11(1), 61–76. https://doi. org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0004
Al-Mushayt, O. S. (2019). Automating E-Government Services with Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Access, 7, 146821–146829. https://doi. org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2946204
Androniceanu, A., Georgecu, I., & Sabie, O. M. (2022). Comparative research on government effectiveness and political stability in Europe. Administratie Si Management Public,1(39), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.24818/amp/2022.39-04
Androniceanu, A., Georgescu, I., & Kinnunen, J. (2022). Public Administration Digitalization and Corruption in the Eu Member States. a Comparative and Correlative Research Analysis. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2022(65 E-February),5–22. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.65E.1
Androniceanu, A., Kinnunen, J., & Georgescu, I. (2020). E-government clusters in the eu based on the gaussian mixture models. Administratie Si Management Public, 2020(35), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.24818/amp/2020.35-01
Ardielli, E. (2019). Use of TOPSIS Method for Assessing of Good Governance in European Union Countries. Review of Economic Perspectives, 19(3), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0012
Baldacci, E., & Frade, J. R. (2021). Advancing Digital Transformation in the Public Sector with Blockchain: A View from the European Union. In Disintermediation Economics (pp. 281–295). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65781-9_13
Burgelman, J . C . (2 02 1). Politics and open science: How the European open science cloud became reality (The untold story). Data Intelligence, 3(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00069
Campmas, A., Iacob, N., & Simonelli, F. (2022). How can interoperability stimulate the use of digital public services? An analysis of national interoperability frameworks and e-Government in the European Union. Data & Policy, 4. https://doi.org/10.1017/ dap.2022.11
Carter, L., Yoon, V., & Liu, D. (2022). Analyzing e-government design science artifacts: A systematic literature review. InternationalJournal of Inf ormation Manag ement , 62, 102430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijinfomgt.2021.102430
Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2022). The impact of e-government on transparency in the European Union: A multivariate analysis. Electronic Government, 18(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2022.119610
Cresswell, J. W., & Cresswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (Chelsea Neve (ed.); Fifth edit). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Djayasinga, M., & Prasetyo, T. J. (2019). Sección General The effect of government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption toward tax. 4, 136–143.
Doran, N. M., Puiu, S., Maria, R., Pirtea, M. G., Doran, M. D., Ciobanu, G., & Mihit, L. D. (2023). E-Government Development — A Key Factor in Government Administration Effectiveness in the European Union.
Duguay, R., Rauter, T., & Samuels, D. (2019). The Impact of Open Data on Public Procurement. SSRN Electronic Journal, 06511(March). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3483868
Fleck, Z., Chronowski, N., & Bard, P. (2022). The Crisis of the Rule of Law, Democracy and Fundamental Rights in Hungary. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.4100081
Ghozali, I. (2021). Partial Least Square: Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.2.9 (3 rd). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Goede, M. (2019). E-Estonia: The e-government cases of Estonia, Singapore, and Curaҫao. Archives of Business Research, 7(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.72.6174
Gora, A., & de Wilde, P. (2022). The essence of democratic backsliding in the European Union: deliberation and rule of law. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(3), 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1855465
Hodžić, S., Ravšelj, D., & Jurlina Alibegović, D. (2021). E-Government Effectiveness and Efficiency in EU-28 and COVID-19. Central European Public Administration Review, 19(1), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2021.1.07
Laureti, L., Costantiello, A., & Leogrande, A. (2023). The Fight Against Corruption at Global Level. A Metric Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.4315359
Linhartova, V. (2022). The Role of E-Government in the Evaluation of the Quality of Governance in the Countries of the European Union. Croatian and Comparative Public Administration, 22(2), 267–287. https://doi. org/10.31297/hkju.22.2.4
Lips, W. (2020). The EU Commission’s digital tax proposals and its cross-platform impact in the EU and the OECD. Journal of European Integration, 42(7), 975–990. https://doi.or g/10.1080/07036337.2019.1705800
Lytras, M. D., & Şerban, A. C. (2020). E-Government Insights to Smart Cities Research: European Union (EU) Study and the Role of Regulations. IEEE Access, 8, 65313–65326. https://doi. org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982737
MacLean, D., & Titah, R. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on the Impacts of e-Government: A Public Value Perspective. Public Administration Review,82(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13413
Nam, T. (2019). Does E-Government Raise Effectiveness and Efficiency? Journal of Global Information Management, 27(3), 120–138. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.2019070107
Ni Wayan Rustiarini. (2019). The role of e-governmentin reducing corruption: A systematic review. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 7(3), 269–286.
Nnyanzi, J. B., Bbale, J. M., & Sendi, R. (2018). Financial Development and Tax Revenue: How Catalytic Are Political Development and Corruption? International Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(8), 92. https:// doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n8p92
Official website of the European Union. (2023). Access to information, transparency_European Union 2023-04-16 09_25_55Z. Directorate-General for Communication and Is an Official Website of the European Union. https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/principles-and-values/access-information_en
Oxford Analytica. (2022). Qatar bribery probe will damage the EU’s credibility. Emerald Expert Briefings. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1108/ OXAN-ES274641
Rahmadany, A. F. (2021). Literature Study of Electronic Government Implementation in the Perspective of Indonesia’s Electronic Government Ranking Dimensions. Jurnal Bina Praja, 13(2), 281–292. https://doi. org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.281-292
Russell, O. (2023). The Implications of Political Stability and Trust on Corruption in the European Union. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4363450
S.Darsono, S. N. A. C., Wong, W. K., Nguyen, T. T. H., Jati, H. F., & Dewanti, D. S. (2022). Good Governance and Sustainable Investment: The Effects of Governance Indicators on Stock Market Returns. Advances in Decision Sciences, 26(1), 69–101. https://doi.org/10.47654/v26y2022i1p69-101
Sala, E., Gaia, A., & Cerati, G. (2022). The Gray Digital Di vide in Social Netw or king Site Use in Europe: Results From a Quantitative Study. Social Science Computer Review, 40(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320909507
Seljan, S., Pejic Bach, M., & MILOLOžA, I. (2020). e-Government in European Countries: Gender and Ageing Digital Divide. Interdisciplinary Management Research, 16,1563–1584. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341277764
Stawska, J., & Jabłońska, M. (2022). Determinants of inclusive growth in the context of the theory of sustainable finance in the European union countries. Sustainability (Switzerland),14(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010100
Stellmach, C., Muzoora, M. R., & Thun, S. (2022). Digitalization of Health Data: Interoperability of the Proposed European Health Data Space. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 298, 132–136. https://doi.org/10.3233/ SHTI220922
Taherdoost, H. (2022). What are Different Research Approaches? Comprehensive Review of Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Research, Their Applications, Types, and Limitations. Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research, 5(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.30564/jmser.v5i1.4538
Tankovsky, O., & Endrődi-Kovács, V. (2021). The Economic Integration Maturity of Romania and Bulgaria. Global, Regional and Local Perspectives on the Economies of Southeastern Europe, 91–104. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030-57953-1_6
Tosun, J., Béland, D., & Papadopoulos, Y. (2022). The impact of direct democracy on policy change: insights from European citizens’ initiatives. Policy & Politics, 50(3), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557321X16476244758073
Tutak, M., & Brodny, J. (2022). Evaluating Differences in the Level of Working Conditions Between the European Union Member States Using Topsis and K-Means Methods. Decision Making : Applications in Management and Engineering, 5(2), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame0305102022t
Twizeyimana, J. D., & Andersson, A. (2019). The public value of E-Government – A literature review. Government Information Quarterly,36(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001
Waheduzzaman, W., & Khandaker, S. (2022). E-participation for combating corruption, increasing voice and accountability, and developing government effectiveness: A cross-country data analysis. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 81(4),549–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12544
Walke, F., Winkler, T. J., & Le, M. (2023). Success of Digital Identity Infrastructure: A Grounded Model of eID Evolution Success. Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4, 1920–1929. https:// hdl.handle.net/10125/102870
Zhu, Y., & Kou, G. (2019). Linking smart governance to future generations: A study on the use of local e-government service among undergraduate students in a Chinese municipality. Informatics, 6(4). https://doi. org/10.3390/informatics6040045