Political Opportunities in the Samin Movement Against the Establishment of a Cement Factory in Pati
Main Article Content
Abstract
The struggle against the hegemony of rulers and extractive companies is still being carried out by indigenous people around the world. Samin is one of the indigenous populations that is still struggling to defend their territory from the establishment of a cement factory. Through the ideological strength and support from several parties, Samin was able to see a political opportunity to build a resistance movement. This study uses a social movement paradigm, by looking at political opportunities in the resistance movement. This study aims to determine the problems behind the birth of the Samin movement. The research methodology is carried out by in-depth interviews and participatory observation with informants and uses secondary data in the form of information made available in articles or books. The findings show that the active and open resistance carried out by the Samin community was caused by the influence of political opportunities in the reform era. Some actors can mobilize the masses, form organizations, and network broadly so that it is possible for resistance to occur. Actors are also good at raising issues around the destruction of nature, shifts in the social order, inappropriate laws, and threats to livelihood. There is influence from the ideology of past movements in the form of covert resistance which later transformed into modern movements.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
SEPTIANI, Winda; ASRAWIJAYA, Enkin.
Political Opportunities in the Samin Movement Against the Establishment of a Cement Factory in Pati.
Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 125-139, may 2023.
ISSN 2580-4820.
Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/664>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v7i2.664.
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Arce, B. C. (2017). From Zapata to Zapatismo : Mesoamerican epistemology in the Zapatista imaginary. Hispanic Journal, 38(2), 125â€"144.
Arisaputra, M. I. (2015). Reforma agraria di Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
Asrawijaya, E. (2019). Gafatar dan dinamika gerakan sosialnya. SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 3(1), 61. https://doi. org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.43887
Asrawijaya, E. (2020). Gerakan Ekopopulisme komunitas Samin melawan perusahaan semen di pegunungan Kendeng. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, 5(1), 35â€"47.
Asrawijaya, E., & Hudayana, B. (2021). The Power of a leader in the Samin people’s opposition movement to the development of a cement factory in the North Kendeng Mountains. Jurnal Humaniora, 33(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.56224
Aziz, M. (2012). Identitas kaum Samin pasca kolonia. Pergulatan negara, agama dan adat dalam pro-kontra pembangunan pabrik semen di Sukolilo, Pati, Jawa Tengah. Kawasitra, 2(3), 225â€"328.
Davies, P., Hernandez, M. P., & Wyatt, T.(2019). Economy versus environment: How corporate actors harm both. Critical Criminology, 27(1), 85â€"99. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10612-019-09433-z
Davis, G. F., McAdam, D., Scott, W. R., & Zald, M. N. (2005). Social movement and organization theory. Cambridge University Press.
Dedek, A., & Harini, R. (2012). Dampak kegiatan pertambangan batubara terhadap kondisi sosialekonomi masyarakat di Kelurahan Loa Ipuh Darat, Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara. Bumi Indonesia, 1(3), 290â€"298.
Endraswara, S. (2018). Falsafah hidup jawa. Menggali mutiara kebijakan dari intisari filsafat kejawen. Cakrawala.
Fernandes, R. C. (2021). O legado de Paulo Freire no movimento sem terra do Brasil. In N. Arata (Ed.), 100 voces (y una carta) para Paulo Freire (pp. 99â€"102). CLACSO.
Giugni, M., & Grasso, M. T. (2015). Environmental movements in advanced industrial democracies: Heterogeneity, transformation, and institutionalization. Annual Reviews Further, 40, 337â€"361. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021327
Haddaway, N. R., Cooke, S. J., Lesser, P., Macura, B., Nilsson, A. E., & Taylor, J. J. (2019). Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social â€" ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions : a systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 8(9), 1â€"11. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s13750-019-0152-8
Hermawan, B. (2018). Papua. The Contemporary Pacific, 30(2), 511â€"519. https://www.jstor. org/stable/10.2307/26776163
Hudayana, B. (2018). Pendekatan antropologi ekonomi. Kepel Press.
Karp, I. (1986). Review : agency and social theory : A review of Anthony Giddens. American Ethnologist, 13(1), 131â€"137.
Korver, A. P. E. (1976). The Samin movement and millenarism. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 132(2), 249â€"266. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90002642
Kroef, J. M. (1952). The messiah in Indonesia and Melanesia. Journal of The Scientific Monthly, 75(3), 161â€"165.
McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (2012). Compaative perspectives on social movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structure, and cultural framings. Cambridge University Press.
McCharty, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (2011). Resource mobilization and social movements : A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82(6), 1212â€"1241.
Meyer, D. S. (2004). Protest and political opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 125â€"145.
Meyer, M. (2004). Organizational identity, political contexts, and SMO action: Explaining the tactical choices made by peace organizations in Israel, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. Social Movement Studies, 3, 167â€"197.
Novianto, A. (2018). Berebut Saminisme: artikulasi politik masyarakat adat dalam konflik pembangunan pabrik semen di pegunungan Kendeng. In Y. P. Wahyudi Kumorotomo (Ed.), Kebijakan Publik dalam Pusaran Perubahan Ideologi dari Kuasa Negara ke Dominasi Pasar? (Issue November, pp. 228â€"225). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338392282
Peluso, N. L. (2017). Plantations and mines: resource frontiers and the politics of the smallholder slot. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44(4), 834â€"869. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1339692
Prause, L., & Billon, P. Le. (2020). Struggles for land : comparing resistance movements against agro-industrial and mining investment projects agro-industrial and mining investment projects. The Journal of Peasant Studies ISSN: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1762181
Putri, P. S. (2017). Re-Claiming Lost Possessions : A Study of the Javanese Samin (Sedulur Sikep) Movement to maintan their Peasant Identity and Acces to Resources. University of Oslo.
Robinson, K. (2016). Mining, land and community rights in Indonesia. In J. D. McCarthy & K. Robinson (Eds.), Land and Development In Indonesia, Searching for the People’s Sovereignity. ISEAS Publising.
Salim, H. H. S., & Abdullah, I. (2012). Penyelesaian sengketa tambang: Studi kasus sengketa antara masyarakat Samawa dengan PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Mimbar Hukum, 24(3), 377â€"569.
Santoso, J. (2016). Gerakan petani dalam menuntut hak atas tanah (Kasus di Cipari, Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah). Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Schock, K. (2013). The practice and study of civil resistance. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 277â€"290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313476530
Scott, J. C. (2019). Moral ekonomi petani. Pergolakan dan subsistensi di Asia Tenggara (II). LP3S.
Setiadi, Saraswati, A. R., & Rosyid, N. (2017). Geger Sikep: Environmental (re) interpretation among the contemporary anti-cement movement in Kendeng, Central Java. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture, 9(1), 13â€"28. h ttps : //d o i .o rg/1 0 . 1 5 2 9 4 /ko m uni tas . v9i1.8673
Sewell, W. (2013). Toward a Theory of structure:Duality agency and transformation. CSST Working Paper, 29(392), 1689â€"1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Shiva, V. (2016). Water wars: Privatization, pollution, and profit. Cambridge, MA, South End Press.
Singh, P. (2021). Neoliberal capitalism and misery of small peasantry and agricultural labourers in India. Human Geography, 15(2), 211â€"215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/19427786211047856
Spradley, james P. (1997). Metode etnografi. Tiara Wacana.
Sub, K. W., & Shi, S.-J. (2013). Emergence of new welfare states in East Asia? Domestic social changes and the Impact of “Welfare Internationalism†in South Korea and Taiwan (1945-2012). The International Journnal of Social Quality, 3(2), 106â€"124. https://doi. org/10.3167/IJSQ.2013.030206
Suharko. (2016). Masyarakat adat versus korporasi: Konflik sosial rencana pembangunan pabrik semen di Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah periode 2013-2016. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 20(2), 97â€"116. https://doi. org/10.22146/jsp.24776
Sukmana, O. (2016). Konsep dan teori gerakan sosial. Intrans Publishing.
Tamma, S., & Duile, T. (2020). Indigen eity and the State in Indonesia: The Local Turn in the Dialectic of Recognition. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(2), 270â€"289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103420905967
Tarrow. (1994). Power in movement , social movement, collective action and politics. Cambridge University Press.
Tarrow, S. (2008). Charles Tilly and the practice of contentious politics. Social Movement Studies, 7(3), 225â€"246. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830802485601
Windiani, & R, F. N. (2016). Menggunakan metode etnografi dalam penelitian sosial. Dimensi, 9(2), 87â€"92.
Woolcock, M., & Naraya, D. (2017). Social capital: Implications for development theory, Research,. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225â€"249. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.225
Xie, N. (2011). Coca controversy: Bolivia and the war on drugs. Harvard International Review, 32(4), 7â€"8.
Arisaputra, M. I. (2015). Reforma agraria di Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
Asrawijaya, E. (2019). Gafatar dan dinamika gerakan sosialnya. SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 3(1), 61. https://doi. org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.43887
Asrawijaya, E. (2020). Gerakan Ekopopulisme komunitas Samin melawan perusahaan semen di pegunungan Kendeng. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, 5(1), 35â€"47.
Asrawijaya, E., & Hudayana, B. (2021). The Power of a leader in the Samin people’s opposition movement to the development of a cement factory in the North Kendeng Mountains. Jurnal Humaniora, 33(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.56224
Aziz, M. (2012). Identitas kaum Samin pasca kolonia. Pergulatan negara, agama dan adat dalam pro-kontra pembangunan pabrik semen di Sukolilo, Pati, Jawa Tengah. Kawasitra, 2(3), 225â€"328.
Davies, P., Hernandez, M. P., & Wyatt, T.(2019). Economy versus environment: How corporate actors harm both. Critical Criminology, 27(1), 85â€"99. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10612-019-09433-z
Davis, G. F., McAdam, D., Scott, W. R., & Zald, M. N. (2005). Social movement and organization theory. Cambridge University Press.
Dedek, A., & Harini, R. (2012). Dampak kegiatan pertambangan batubara terhadap kondisi sosialekonomi masyarakat di Kelurahan Loa Ipuh Darat, Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara. Bumi Indonesia, 1(3), 290â€"298.
Endraswara, S. (2018). Falsafah hidup jawa. Menggali mutiara kebijakan dari intisari filsafat kejawen. Cakrawala.
Fernandes, R. C. (2021). O legado de Paulo Freire no movimento sem terra do Brasil. In N. Arata (Ed.), 100 voces (y una carta) para Paulo Freire (pp. 99â€"102). CLACSO.
Giugni, M., & Grasso, M. T. (2015). Environmental movements in advanced industrial democracies: Heterogeneity, transformation, and institutionalization. Annual Reviews Further, 40, 337â€"361. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021327
Haddaway, N. R., Cooke, S. J., Lesser, P., Macura, B., Nilsson, A. E., & Taylor, J. J. (2019). Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social â€" ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions : a systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 8(9), 1â€"11. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s13750-019-0152-8
Hermawan, B. (2018). Papua. The Contemporary Pacific, 30(2), 511â€"519. https://www.jstor. org/stable/10.2307/26776163
Hudayana, B. (2018). Pendekatan antropologi ekonomi. Kepel Press.
Karp, I. (1986). Review : agency and social theory : A review of Anthony Giddens. American Ethnologist, 13(1), 131â€"137.
Korver, A. P. E. (1976). The Samin movement and millenarism. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 132(2), 249â€"266. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90002642
Kroef, J. M. (1952). The messiah in Indonesia and Melanesia. Journal of The Scientific Monthly, 75(3), 161â€"165.
McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (2012). Compaative perspectives on social movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structure, and cultural framings. Cambridge University Press.
McCharty, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (2011). Resource mobilization and social movements : A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82(6), 1212â€"1241.
Meyer, D. S. (2004). Protest and political opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 125â€"145.
Meyer, M. (2004). Organizational identity, political contexts, and SMO action: Explaining the tactical choices made by peace organizations in Israel, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. Social Movement Studies, 3, 167â€"197.
Novianto, A. (2018). Berebut Saminisme: artikulasi politik masyarakat adat dalam konflik pembangunan pabrik semen di pegunungan Kendeng. In Y. P. Wahyudi Kumorotomo (Ed.), Kebijakan Publik dalam Pusaran Perubahan Ideologi dari Kuasa Negara ke Dominasi Pasar? (Issue November, pp. 228â€"225). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338392282
Peluso, N. L. (2017). Plantations and mines: resource frontiers and the politics of the smallholder slot. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44(4), 834â€"869. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1339692
Prause, L., & Billon, P. Le. (2020). Struggles for land : comparing resistance movements against agro-industrial and mining investment projects agro-industrial and mining investment projects. The Journal of Peasant Studies ISSN: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1762181
Putri, P. S. (2017). Re-Claiming Lost Possessions : A Study of the Javanese Samin (Sedulur Sikep) Movement to maintan their Peasant Identity and Acces to Resources. University of Oslo.
Robinson, K. (2016). Mining, land and community rights in Indonesia. In J. D. McCarthy & K. Robinson (Eds.), Land and Development In Indonesia, Searching for the People’s Sovereignity. ISEAS Publising.
Salim, H. H. S., & Abdullah, I. (2012). Penyelesaian sengketa tambang: Studi kasus sengketa antara masyarakat Samawa dengan PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Mimbar Hukum, 24(3), 377â€"569.
Santoso, J. (2016). Gerakan petani dalam menuntut hak atas tanah (Kasus di Cipari, Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah). Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Schock, K. (2013). The practice and study of civil resistance. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 277â€"290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313476530
Scott, J. C. (2019). Moral ekonomi petani. Pergolakan dan subsistensi di Asia Tenggara (II). LP3S.
Setiadi, Saraswati, A. R., & Rosyid, N. (2017). Geger Sikep: Environmental (re) interpretation among the contemporary anti-cement movement in Kendeng, Central Java. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture, 9(1), 13â€"28. h ttps : //d o i .o rg/1 0 . 1 5 2 9 4 /ko m uni tas . v9i1.8673
Sewell, W. (2013). Toward a Theory of structure:Duality agency and transformation. CSST Working Paper, 29(392), 1689â€"1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Shiva, V. (2016). Water wars: Privatization, pollution, and profit. Cambridge, MA, South End Press.
Singh, P. (2021). Neoliberal capitalism and misery of small peasantry and agricultural labourers in India. Human Geography, 15(2), 211â€"215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/19427786211047856
Spradley, james P. (1997). Metode etnografi. Tiara Wacana.
Sub, K. W., & Shi, S.-J. (2013). Emergence of new welfare states in East Asia? Domestic social changes and the Impact of “Welfare Internationalism†in South Korea and Taiwan (1945-2012). The International Journnal of Social Quality, 3(2), 106â€"124. https://doi. org/10.3167/IJSQ.2013.030206
Suharko. (2016). Masyarakat adat versus korporasi: Konflik sosial rencana pembangunan pabrik semen di Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah periode 2013-2016. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 20(2), 97â€"116. https://doi. org/10.22146/jsp.24776
Sukmana, O. (2016). Konsep dan teori gerakan sosial. Intrans Publishing.
Tamma, S., & Duile, T. (2020). Indigen eity and the State in Indonesia: The Local Turn in the Dialectic of Recognition. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(2), 270â€"289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103420905967
Tarrow. (1994). Power in movement , social movement, collective action and politics. Cambridge University Press.
Tarrow, S. (2008). Charles Tilly and the practice of contentious politics. Social Movement Studies, 7(3), 225â€"246. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830802485601
Windiani, & R, F. N. (2016). Menggunakan metode etnografi dalam penelitian sosial. Dimensi, 9(2), 87â€"92.
Woolcock, M., & Naraya, D. (2017). Social capital: Implications for development theory, Research,. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225â€"249. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.225
Xie, N. (2011). Coca controversy: Bolivia and the war on drugs. Harvard International Review, 32(4), 7â€"8.