The Power of Policy Entrepreneur in Disability- inclusive Policy-Making
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Abstract
This research aims to describe the power of policy entrepreneurs in disability-inclusive policy-making. Disability-inclusive policy in the Jember Regency of East Java, Indonesia, is a result of a thirteen-year- long struggle of the disability groups. Their struggle started as a series of demonstrations, petitions, and hearings with the Regional House of Representatives and the Regent. It then continued with a series of debates and negotiations with the policy-makers. This descriptive- qualitative research utilized Kingdon’s multiple stream framework analysis to capture the stipulation of Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The informants were six disabled persons and two former members of the Regional House of Representatives. The study finds that the problem stream was raised through demonstrations, petitions, and hearings; the policy stream was done through efforts to include the draft of the disability act in the regional legislative program. Policy windows took place during the momentum initiated by the stipulation of a nationwide disability-inclusive policy by the state government, and, finally, policy entrepreneurs act through lobbies and negotiations. This study concludes that the disability policy-making process in Jember Regency was influenced by the strong power of policy entrepreneurs. Disability groups and the Regional House of Representatives as a policy entrepreneur force acted quickly to take advantage of the open policy window momentum, and, finally, the policy maker ratifies local regulations regarding the protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities.
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SETIJANINGRUM, Erna; RAHARDIAN, Ramaditya.
The Power of Policy Entrepreneur in Disability- inclusive Policy-Making.
Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 176-188, june 2022.
ISSN 2580-4820.
Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/504>. Date accessed: 21 apr. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v6i2.504.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2020). Analyzing open government policy adoption through the multi ple streams framework: The roles of policy entrepreneurs in the case of Madrid. Public Policy and Administration. https://doi. org/10.1177/0952076720936349
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Schön-Qui nlivan, E., & Sci pi o ni , M. (2017). The commission as policy entrepreneur in Euro pean economic governance: a comparative multiple stream analysis of the 2005 and 2011 reform of the stability and growth pact. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(8), 1172â€"1190. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1206140
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Zahariadis, N&, & Exadaktylos, T. (2015). Policies that succeed and programs that f ail: ambiguity, conflict, and crisis in Greek higher education. Policy Studies Journal, 44(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ psj.12129
Zahariadis, N. (2016). Hand book of public policy agenda setting. United Kingdom (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing.
Aslett, K., Webb Williams, N., Casas, A., Zuidema, W., & Wilkerson, J. (2020). What was the problem in parkland? Using social media to measure the effectiveness of issue frames. Policy Studies Journal, 0(0), 1â€"24. https:// doi.org/10.1111/psj.12410
Aukes, E., Lulofs, K., & Bressers, H. (2018). Framing mechanisms: the interpretive policy entrepreneur’s toolbox. Critical Policy Studies, 12(4), 406â€"427. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2017.1314219
Béland, D., & Howlett, M. (2016). The role and impact of the multiple-streams approach in comparative policy analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18(3), 221â€"227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2016.1174410
Birkland, T.A. (2016). An introduction to policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making (Fourth Edition). New York: Routledge.
Blum, S. (2018). The multiple-streams framework and knowledge utilization: Argumentative couplings of problem, policy, and politics issues. European Policy Analysis, 4(1), 94â€"117. https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1029
Boydell, K. M., Dew, A., Hodgins, M., Bundy, A., Gallego, G., Iljadica, A.,Willis, D. (2017). Deliberative dialogues between policy makers and researchers in canada and aus tralia. Jo urnal of Disabil it y Pol ic y S tud i e s , 28 ( 1 ) , 1 3 â€" 2 2 . h ttps : //d o i . org/10.1177/1044207317694840
Brouwer & Biermann, F. 2011. Towards adaptive management: examining the strategies of policy entrepreneurs in Dutch water management, Ecology and Society, 16(4), Article 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-04315- 160405.
Smith, B.D. (2017). Reproductive Justice: A policy window for social work advocacy. Social Work, 1(62), 221â€"226. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swx015
Cairney, Paul & Jones, M. D. (2015). Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Approach: What is The Empirical Impact of this Universal Theory? Policy Studies Journal, 00(00), 1â€"22.
Craswell. J. W. (2017) Research design : Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approach. SAGE Publications, Inc.
De Wals, P. (2019). Epidemiology and control of meningococcal disease in canada: A long, complex, and unfinished story. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2019. https://doi. org/10.1155/2019/8901847
Dunn, W.N. (2018). Public policy analysis: An integrated approach(Six Edition). New York: Routledge.
Frisch-Aviram, N., Beeri, I., & Cohen, N. (2020). Entrepreneurship in the policy process: Linking behavior and context using a systematic review of policy entrepreneurship literature. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 188-197.
Gen, S., & Wright, A. C. (2020). Nonprofits in Policy Advocacy: Their Strategies and Stories. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gilad, D & Rimmerman, A. (2014). The mission and the development process of disability movement in Israel and the United States: A comparasion. Journal of Disability Policy Studies 2014, Vol. 24(4) 227â€"237 DOI:10.1177/1044207312463238
Graaf, G., & Snowden, L. (2020). Medicaid waiver adoption for youth with complex behavioral health care needs: An analysis of state decision-mak ing. Journal of D isabilit y Policy Studies, 31(2), 87â€"98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319897058
Hammond, D. R. (2013). Policy entrepreneurship in China’s response to urban poverty. Policy Studies Journal, 41(1), 119â€"146. https://doi. org/10.1111/psj.12005
Happer, C & Philo, G. (2013) The role of the media in the contruction of public belief and social change. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2013, Vol. 1(1), doi:10.5964/ jspp.v1i1.96
Hsueh, L. (2020). Expanding the multiple streams framework to explain the formation of diverse voluntary programs: evidence from US toxic chemical use policy. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 10(2), 111â€"123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-020-00600-1
Kingdon, J. W. (2013). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies(Second Edition). Edinburgh (UK): Pearson Education Limited 2014.
Landmar k, L. J., Zhang, D ., Ju, S., McVe y, T. C., & Ji, M. Y. (2017). Experiences of disability advocates and self-advocates in Texas. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 27 (4), 203â€"211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207316657802
Mark Bevir. (2010). Democratic governance. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Mauti, J., Gautier, L., De Neve, J. W., Beiersmann, C., Tosun, J., & Jahn, A. (2019). Kenya’s health in all policies strategy: A policy analysis using Kingdon’s multiple streams. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17(1), 1â€"12. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12961-019-0416-3
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Retrieved from http://researchtalk.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Miles-Huberman-Saldana-Drawing-and-Verifying-Conclusions.pdf
Neuman, L. W. (2016). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approach (Se venth E dition). Eng land: Pear son Education Limited
Petridou, E., & Mintrom, M. (2020). A research agenda for the study of policy entrepreneurs. Policy Studies Journal, 0(0), 1â€"25. https:// doi.org/10.1111/psj.12405
Rahardian, R., &Zarkasi, I. F. (2019). Policy Advocacy in Resolving an Environmental Preservation Conflict: A Case of Policy Advocacy between the Government, Private Sector and Society in Kayen, Pati, Central Java. JKAP ( JurnalKebijakan dan AdministrasiPublik), 23(2), 154-170.
Rahardian, R., &Zarkasi, I. F. (2021). Jejaring Aktor Dalam Upaya Perubahan Kebijakan: Kasus Advokasi Kebijakan Dalam Menolak Izin Lingkungan Pengolahan Limbah Berbahaya dan Beracun. JurnalIdentitas, 1(2), 26-38.
Rasmussen, A., Romeijn, J., & Toshkov, D. (2018). Dynamics of regulatory policymaking in Sweden: the role of media advocacy and public opinion. Scandinavian Political Studies, 41(1), 49â€"74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12108
Rose, D. C., Mukherjee, N., Simmons, B. I., Tew, E. R., Robertson, R. J., Vadrot, A. B. M., … Sutherland, W. J. (2017). Policy windows for the environment: Tips for improving the uptake of scientific knowledge. Environmental Science and Policy, 00(March). https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.07.013
Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2020). Analyzing open government policy adoption through the multi ple streams framework: The roles of policy entrepreneurs in the case of Madrid. Public Policy and Administration. https://doi. org/10.1177/0952076720936349
Saurugger, S., & Terpan, F. (2016). Resisting “new modes of governanceâ€: An agency-centred approach. Comparative European Politics, 14(1), 53â€"70. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2015.9
Schön-Qui nlivan, E., & Sci pi o ni , M. (2017). The commission as policy entrepreneur in Euro pean economic governance: a comparative multiple stream analysis of the 2005 and 2011 reform of the stability and growth pact. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(8), 1172â€"1190. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1206140
Sonnenberg, C. (2020). E-Government and social media: The impact on accessibility. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. https://doi. org/10.1177/1044207320906521
Suharto, E. (2014). AnalisisKebijakan Pub-lik, Panduan PraktisMengkajiMasalah Dan KebijakanSosial. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suherman, D., SuprayogiSugandi, Y., & Benny Alexandri, M. (2021). Policy Advocacy Network in Support of the Expansion of the New South Garut Autonomo us Region. Policy & Governance Review, 5(2), 128-145. doi:10.30589/pgr.v5i2.389
Topatimasang, R, Fakih, Mansour& Toto Rahardjo. (2016). Meng ubahK e-bij ak anPublik Panduan Pelatihan Ad-vokasi(2016th ed.). Yogyakarta
Weible, C. M., Sabatier, P. A., Jenkins-Smith, H. C., Nohrstedt, D., Henry, A. D., & deLeon, P. (2011). A Quarter Century of the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 349â€"360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00412.x
Widyatama, B. (2018). “Applying Kingdom’s Multiple Streams Framework in theEstablishment of Law No. 13 of 2012 Concerning the Privilege of Yogyakarta Special Regionâ€.Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1-18.
Wong, N. W. M. (2016). Advocacy coalitions and policy change in China: A case study of anti-incinerator protest in Guangzhou. Voluntas, 27(5), 2037â€"2054. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11266-015-9603-1
Zahariadis, N&, & Exadaktylos, T. (2015). Policies that succeed and programs that f ail: ambiguity, conflict, and crisis in Greek higher education. Policy Studies Journal, 44(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ psj.12129
Zahariadis, N. (2016). Hand book of public policy agenda setting. United Kingdom (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing.