Systematic Literature Review: Models of digital transformation in the public sector

Main Article Content

Novianto Novianto

Abstract

Today's technological advances affect businesses and society, including the government. The success or failure of implementation is due to the ambiguity of the strategies used and the limited knowledge of the factors that influence them. Although some previous studies exist, their generalizability is limited. The purpose of this study is to provide a model from the existing literature to develop a strategy for successful digital transformation. This study utilized a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology. Scopus database was used to identify relevant articles using a search string and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Content analysis identified a model related to the research topic. The findings provide valuable insights and a model for future research and practical applications. The result is a model for implementing digital transformation in the public sector, which is divided into four elements: external, organizational, citizen, and technology. By using a more comprehensive approach, the resulting model should be better able to generalize. The elements and their sub-elements of the model will be a recommendation for managers at different levels to design strategies for managing digital transformation. Further research can explore quantitative methods to test the model and the generalizability of the results of this study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
NOVIANTO, Novianto. Systematic Literature Review: Models of digital transformation in the public sector. Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 170-194, june 2023. ISSN 2580-4820. Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/753>. Date accessed: 19 sep. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v7i2.753.
Section
Articles

References

Aasback, A. W., & R⊘kkum, N. H. A. (2021). Domesticating Technology in Pandemic Social Work. Journal of Comparative Social Work, 16(2), 172–196. https://doi.org/10.31265/JCSW.V16I2.387

Abdullah, N., Hanafi, H., & Nawang, N. I. (2021). Digital era and intellectual property challenges in malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29, 205–219. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.s2.14

Agostino , D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lema, M. D. (2020). New development: COVID-19 as an accelerator of digital transformation in public service delivery. Public Money and Management, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1764206

Aichholzer, G., & Schmutzer, R. (2000). Organizational challenges to the development of electronic government. Proceedings-International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, DEXA, 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1109/ DEXA.2000.875054

Al-Hujran, O., Al-Debei, M. M., Chatfield, A.,& Mi gd ad i , M. (2015). Theimperative of influencing citizen attitude toward e-government adoption and use. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 189–203. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.025

Alahakoon. (2020). Efficiency of Public Service Delivery — A Post-ICT. Economies, 8(1), 1–13.

Alharbi, A. S. (2019). Assessment of organizational digital transformation in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2019, 1292–1297.

Ali, M. M. (2020). Digitization of the emerging economy: An exploratory and explanatory ca se st u dy. J ou r nal of Gover n an ce an d R eg u lat ion , 9 (4), 25–36. ht t p s:/ / doi. org/10.22495/jgrv9i4art2

Ameripour, A., Nicholson, B., & Newman, M. ( 2 0 1 0 ) . C o nv ivi ali ty o f i nte r ne t s o ci al networks: An exploratory study of internet campaigns in Iran. Journal of Information Technology, 25(2), 244–257. https://doi. org/10.1057/jit.2010.14

Aminah, S., & Saksono, H. (2021). Digital transformation of the government: A case study in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(2), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3702-17

Androniceanu, A., & Georgescu, I. (2021). E-Government in European Countries, a Comparative Approach Using the Principal Components Analysis. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 14(2), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2021-0015

Balogun, T., & Adjei, E. (2019). Challenges of digitization of the National Archives of Nigeria. Information Development, 35(4), 612–623. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666918778099

Berger, J. B., Hertzum, M., & Schreiber, T. (2016). Does local government staff perceive digital communication with citizens as improved service? Government Information Quarterly, 33(2), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.003

Bhaskara, S., & Bawa, K. S. (2021). Societal digital platforms for sustainability: Agriculture. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095048

Bogumil-Uçan, S., & Klenk, T. (2021). Varieties of health care digitalization: Comparing advocacy coalitions in Austria and Germany. Review of Policy Research, 38(4), 478–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12435

Bokšová, J., Bokša, M., Horák, J., Pavlica, K., Strouhal, J ., & Šaro ch, S. (2 0 2 1 ). E-gove r nme nt services and the digital divide: A quantitative analysis of the digital divide between the general public and internet users. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 9(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.18080/ JTDE.V9N1.301

Boland, P., Durrant, A., McHenry, J., McKay, S., & Wilson, A. (2022). A ‘pl anning revolution’ or an ‘attack on planning’ in England: digitization, digitalization, and democratization. International Planning Studies, 27(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2021.1979942

Bormann, I., Brøgger, K., Pol, M., & Lazarová, B. (2021). COVID-19 and its effects: On the risk of social inequality through digitalization and the loss of trust in three European education systems. European Educational Research Journal, 20(5), 610–635. https:// doi.org/10.1177/14749041211031356

Brdesee, H. (2021). A divergent view of the impact of digital transfor mation on academic organizational and spending efficiency: A review and analytical study on a university E-service. Sustainabilit y (Switzerland), 13 (13). https://doi.or g/10.3390/ su13137048

Callanan, M. (2021). Reforming local government: Past, present and future. Administration, 68(4), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.2478/admin-2020-0031

Caswell, M., Harter, C., & Jules, B. (2017). Diversifying the Digital Historical Record: Integrating Community Archives in National Strategies for Access to Digital Cultural Heritage. 23(5/6), 1–7.

Çavlin Bozbeyoğlu, A. (2011). Citizenship rights in a surveillance society: The case of the electronic ID card in Turkey. Surveillance and Society, 9(1–2), 64–79. https://doi. org/10.24908/ss.v9i1/2.4095

Chen, C. H., Liu, C. L., Hui, B. P. H., & Chung, M. L. (2020). Does education background affect digital equal opportunity and the political participation of sustainable digital citizens? A Taiwan case. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041359

Chen, M., & Grossklags, J. (2022). Social Control in the Digital Transformation of Society: A Case Study of the Chinese Social Credit System. Social Sciences, 11(6). https://doi. org/10.3390/socsci11060229

Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2022). ICT Use in Central Government: Scope, Predictors and Effects on Coordination Quality. International Journal of Public Administration, 45(3), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2020.1851256

Christie, H. L., Boots, L. M. M., Hermans, I., Govers, M., Tange, H. J., Verhey, F. R. J., & De Vugt, M. (2021). Business models of ehealth interventions to support informal caregivers of people with dementia in the netherlands: Analysis of case studies. JMIR Aging, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/24724

Chung, C. S., Choi, H., & Cho, Y. (2022). Analysis of Digital Governance Transition in South Korea: Focusing on the Leadership of the Pres id ent for Gover nment Innovatio n. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1). https://doi. org/10.3390/joitmc8010002

Collingridge, D., & Margetts, H. (1994). Can Government Information Systems Be Inflexible Technology? the Operational Strategy Revisited. Public Administration, 72(1), 55–72. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1994.tb00999.x

Collington, R. (2022). Disrupting the Welfare State? Digitalisation and the Retrenchment of Public Sector Capacity. New Political Economy, 27(2), 312–328. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13563467.2021.1952559

Commandré, Y., Macombe, C., & Mignon, S. (2021). Implications for agricultural producers of using blockchain for food transparency, study of 4 food chains by cumulative approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https:// doi.org/10.3390/su13179843

Considine, M., McGann, M., Ball, S., & Nguyen, P. (2022). Can Robots Understand Welfare? Exploring Machine Bureaucracies in Welfare-to-Work. Journal of Social Policy, 51(3), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0047279422000174

Criado, J. I., & Guevara-Gómez, A. (2021). Public sector, open innovation, and collaborative governance in lockdown times. A research of Spanish cases during the COVID-19 crisis. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(4), 612–626. https://doi. org/10.1108/TG-08-2020-0242

Deineko, L., Hrebelnyk, O., Zharova, L., Tsyplitska, O., & Grebeniuk, N. (2022). Digital Divide and Sustainable Development of Ukrainian Regions. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 353–366. https://doi. org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.29

Demchenko, M. V., Gulieva, M. E., Larina, T. V., & Simaeva, E. P. (2021). Digital Transformation of Legal Education: Problems, Risks and Prospects. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 10(2), 297–307. https://doi. org/10.13187/ejced.2021.2.297

Di Giulio, M., & Vecchi, G. (2019). Multilevel policy implementation and the where of learning: the case of the information system for school buildings in Italy. Policy Sciences, 52(1), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-018-9326-4

Djakona, A., Kholiavko, N., Dubyna, M., Zhavoronok, A., & Fedyshyn, M. (2021). Educational dominant of the information economy development: a case of Latvia for Ukraine. Economic Annals-XXI, 192(7–8), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V192-09

Eckhardt, J., Nykänen, L., Aapaoja, A., & Niemi, P. (2018). MaaS in rural areas - case Finland. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 27(August), 75–83. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2018.09.005

Ejdys, J. (2020). Trust-based determinants of future intention to use technology. Foresight and STI Governance, 14(1), 60–68. https:// doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.1.60.68

Endrodi-Kovács, V., & Stukovszky, T. (2022). T he ad o ption o f ind us tr y 4 .0 and digitalisation of Hungarian SMEs. Society and Economy, 44(1), 138–158. https://doi. org/10.1556/204.2021.00024

Engen, B.K. (2019). Underst a nding socia l and cultural aspects of teachers’ digital competencies [Comprendiendo los aspectos culturales y sociales de las competencias digitales docentes]. Comunicar, 61, 9–18.

Esfahani, H. J., Tavasoli, K., & Jabbarzadeh, A. (2019). Big data and social media: A scientometrics analysis. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 3(3), 145–164. https://doi. org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2019.2.007

F. Aritenang, A., Iskandar, Z. S., Safitri, P., Drianda, R. P., & Zohr a h, L. (2021). Assessing participat ory pr actices in a cul tur al preservation workshop of the Sriwijaya museum. Journal of Regionaland City Planning, 32(2), 165–178. https://doi. org/10.5614/jpwk.2021.32.2.5

Farhangi, S., & Alipou r, H . (2021). Social media as a catalyst for the enhancement of destination image: Evidence from a mediterranean destination with political conflict. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137276

Fielke, S. J., Ga rra rd, R., Ja k ku , E., Fl eming, A., Wiseman, L., & Taylor, B. M. (2019). Conceptualising the DAIS: Implications of the ‘Digitalisation of Agricultural Innovation Sys t ems ’ on t echnology and policy at multiple levels. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90–91, 100296. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.04.002

Fleischer, J., & Carstens, N. (2022). Policy labs as arenas for boundary spanning: inside the digital transformation in Germany. Public Management Review, 24(8), 1208–1225. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1893803

Fouillet, C., Guérin, I., & Servet, J. M. (2021). Demonetization and digitalization: The Indian government’s hidden agenda. Telecommunications Policy, 45(2), 1–12. ht tps://doi.or g/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102079

Fyshchuk, I., & Evsyukova, O. (2020). Effective communication in digital transformation of service state during change management processes in Ukraine. Public Policy and Administration, 19(2), 172–190. https://doi. org/10.13165/VPA-20-19-2-02

Galperin, H., Viecens, F., Mariscal, J., Katz, R. L., Katz, R. L., Koutroumpis, P., Koutroumpis, P., & Callorda, F. (2013). The Latin American path towards digitization. Info, 15(3), 6–24. https:// doi.org/10.1108/14636691311327098

Garrety, K., McLoughlin, I., Wilson, R., Zelle, G., & Martin, M. (2014). National electronic health records and the digital disruption of moral orders. Social Science and Medicine, 101, 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.029

Garske, B., Bau, A., & Ekardt, F. (2021). Digitalization and ai in European agriculture: A strategy for achieving climate and biodiversity targets? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094652

Giang, N. T. H., Hai, P. T. T., Tu, N. T. T., & Tan, P. X. (2021). Exploring the readiness for digital transformation in a higher education institution towards industrial revolution 4.0. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 11(2), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJEP.V11I2.17515

Giest, S., & Raaphorst, N. (2018). Unraveling the hindering factors of digital public service delivery at street-level: the case of electronic health records. Policy Design and Practice, 1(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1476002

Gil-García, J. R., & Pardo, T. A. (2005). E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations. Government Information Quarterly, 22(2), 187–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2005.02.001

Gladkova, A., & Ragnedda, M. (2020). Exploring digital inequalities in Russia: an interregional comparative analysis. Online Information R eview , 44 (4), 767–786. ht tps://doi. org/10.1108/OIR-04-2019-0121

Gupta, S. K., & Sengupta, N. (2021). Webinar as the Future Educational Tool in Higher Education of India: A Survey-Based Study. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 26(4), 1111–1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09493-7

Guss, A. (2020). The digitization of cultural h er itage und er po lis h law and policy: Challenges presented by copyright law. Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2020(2), 377–406. https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.20.025.13028

Haase, S., & Buus, L. (2020). Translating government digitalisation policy in higher education institutions: the Danish case. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 15(4), 246–258. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.1891-943X-2020-04-03

Hafseld, K. H. J., Hussein, B., & Rauzy, A. R. (2021). Government inter-organizational, digital transformation projects: Five key lessons learned froma Norwegian cases tudy. Procedia Computer Science, 196(2021), 910–919. https://doi.or g/10.1016/j. procs.2021.12.092

Hajishirzi, R., Costa, C. J., & Aparicio, M. (2022). Digita l Transf o rma tio n Fram ew o rk : A Bibliometric Approach Digital Transformation Fr amew or k : A Bibliometric A ppr oac h Nowadays , every discussion with c-suite leaders regarding business growth ends up. May. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04829-6

Håkansta, C. (2022). Ambulating, digital and isolated: The case of Swedish labour inspectors. New Technology, Work and Employment, 37(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12211

Hanninger, L. M., Laxa, J., & Ahrens, D. (2021). A roadmap to becoming a smart village- experiences from living labs in rural Bavaria. EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 13(2), 89–109. https://doi. org/10.29379/jedem.v13i2.635

Henderson, D. (2020). Demand-side broadband policy in the context of digital transformation: An examination of SME digital advisory policies in Wales. Telecommunications Policy, 44(9), 102024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. telpol.2020.102024

Hettiarachchi, C. J., Priyankara, P., Morimoto, T., & Murayama, Y. (2022). Participatory GIS- Based Approach for the Demarcation of Village Boundaries and Their Utility: A Case Study of the Eastern Boundary of Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(1). https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010017

Hoey, A. (1998). Techno-cops: Information technology and law enfor cement. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 6(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/6.1.69

Hsieh,H.F.,&Shannon,S.E.(2005).Threeapproaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

Issabayeva, S., Yesseniyazova, B., & Grega, M. (2019). Electronic Public Procurement: Process and Cybersecurity Issues. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 12(2), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2019-0014

Jonathan, G. M. (2020). Digital Transformation in the Public Sector: Identifying Critical Success Factors. M. Themistocleous and M. Papadaki (Eds.), 381 LNBIP(EMCIS 2019), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44322-1_19

Jonathan, G. M., Hailemariam, K. S., Gebremeskel, B. K., & Yalew, S. D. (2021). Public Sector Digital Transformation: Challenges for Information Technology Leaders. 2021 IEEE 12th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, IEMCON2021, 1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.1109/ IEMCON53756.2021.9623161

Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2015). Strategy, Not Technology, Drives Digital Transformation: Becoming a digitally mature enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://doi. org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1620

Katigbak, J. J. (2019). Upgrading the land administration system of the Philippines through ICT: A review of the land titling computerization program. EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem. v11i1.540

Kharitonova, Y., & Sannikova, L. (2021). Digital pl atforms in China and Europe: Legal challenges. BRICS Law Journal, 8(3), 121–147. https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2021-8-3-121-147

Kireyeva, A. A., Satpayeva, Z. T., & Urdabayev, M. T. (2022). Analysis of the Digital Readiness and the Level of the ICT Development in Kazakhstan’s Regions. Economy of Region, 18(2), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-12

Kolli, M. K., Opp, C., Karthe, D., & Kumar, N. M. (2022). Web-Based Decision Support System for Managing the Food–Water–Soil– Ecosystem Nexus in the Kolleru Freshwater Lake of Andhra Pradesh in South India. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4). https:// doi.org/10.3390/su14042044

Kontogeorgis, G., & Varotsis, N. (2021). Reinstating greeke-governance: A framework for e-government benchmarking, improvement and government policies. Public Administration Issues, 6(Ii), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-6-103-127

Kotsev, A., Minghini, M., Tomas, R., Cetl, V., & Lutz, M. (2020). From spatial data infrastructures to data spaces—A technological perspective on the evolution of European SDIs. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030176

Kovacs, O. (2022). Inclusive Industry 4.0 in Europe—Japanese Lessons on Socially Responsible Industry 4.0. Social Sciences, 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11010029

Laenens, W., Van den Broeck, W., & Mariën, I. (2018). Channel choice determinants of (Digital) government communication: A case study of spatial planning in flanders. Media and Communication, 6(4Theoretical Reflections and Case Studies), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i4.1652

Lageson, S. E., Webster, E., & Sandoval, J. R. (2021). Digitizing and Disclosing Personal Data: The Proliferation of State Criminal Records on the Internet. Law and Social Inquiry, 46(3), 635–665. https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.37

Laitsou, E., Kargas, A., & Varoutas, D. (2020). Digital Competitiveness in the European Union Era: The Greek Case. Economies, 8(4). https://doi. org/10.3390/ECONOMIES8040085

Lamberti, L., Benedetti, M., & Chen, S. (2014). Benefits sought by citizens and channel attitudes for multichannel payment services: Evidence from Italy. Government Information Quarterly, 31(4), 596–609. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.03.002

Lappi, T. M., Aaltonen, K., & Kujala, J. (2019). Project governance and portfolio management in government digitalization. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 13(2), 159–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/ TG-11-2018-0068

Larsson, K. K. (2021). Digitization or equality: When government automation covers some, but not all citizens. Government Information Q arterly, 38(1), 101547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101547

Laufer, M., Leiser, A., Deacon, B., Perrinde Brichambaut, P., Fecher, B., Kobsda, C., & Hesse, F. (2021). Digital higher education: a divider or bridge builder? Leadership perspectives on edtech in a COVID-19 reality. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00287-6

Layne, K., & Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government Information Quarterly, 18(2), 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0740-624X(01)00066-1

Lemmens, R., Lungo, J., Georgiadou, Y., & Verplanke, J. (2017). Monitoring rural water points in Tanzania with mobile phones: The evolution of the SEMA App. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(10). https://doi. org/10.3390/ijgi6100316

Liu, Q., Yang, L., & Yang, M. (2021). Digitalisation f o r w at e r s us tai nabi li ty : Bar r i e r s t o impl ementing circul ar economy in smart water management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21), 1–28. https://doi. org/10.3390/su132111868

Luna, F. D. S., & Breternitz, V. J. (2021). Digital Transformation in Private Brazilian Higher Education Institutions: Pre-Coronavirus Baseline. Revista de Administracao Mackenzie, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD210127

Mahrenbach, L. C., & Mayer, K. (2020). Framing p ol icy visions of b ig da t a in emerg in g states. Canadian Journal of Communication,45(1), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2020v45n1a3471

Makarychev, A., & Wishnick, E. (2022). Anti- Pandemic Policies in Estonia and Taiwan: Digital Power, Sovereignty and Biopolitics. Social Sciences, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030112

Manny, L., Duygan, M., Fischer, M., & Rieckermann, J. (2021). Barriers to the digital transformation of infrastructure sectors. In Policy Sciences (Vol. 54, Issue 4). Springer US. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11077-021-09438-y

Martin-Shields, C. P., Camacho, S., Taborda, R., & Ruhe, C. (2022). Digitalization and e-government in the lives of urban migrants: Evidence from Bogotá. Policy and Internet, 14(2), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.280

Masik, G., Sagan, I., & Scott, J. W. (2021). Smart City strategies and new urban development policies in the Polish context. Cities, 108(June2020), 102970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102970

Mattsson, T. (2016). Quality Registries in Sweden, Heal t hcare Improvement s and El derly Persons w it h Cog nit ive I mpa irment s. European Journal of Health Law, 23(1), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12303

McBride, K. (2019). Sailing towards digitalization when it doesn’t make cents? Analysing the Faroe Islands’ new digital governance trajectory. Island Studies Journal, 14(2),193–214. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.93

Menon, S., Bhatt , S., & Sharma, S. (2021). A study on envisioning Indian tourism–Through cultural tourism and sustainable digitalization. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1903149

Menshikov, V., & Volkova, O. (2019). Digitalization For Increased Access Security to Healthcare Services in Latvia. 9(2), 199–212.

Mergel, I. (2019). Digit a l service tea ms in government. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.07.001

Meyerhoff Nielsen, M., & Jordanoski, Z. (2020). Digital transformation, governance and coordination models: A comparative study of Australia, Denmark and the Republic of Korea. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1145/3396956.3396987

Mikhaylova, A. A. (2022). Cross-Border Digitalization of the Western Border of Russia: Potential and Prospects. Baltic Region, 14(1), 90–108. https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-6

Miller, A. R., & Tucker, C. E. (2011). Encryption and the loss of patient data. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30(3), 534–556. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20590

Mir, U. B., Kar, A. K., Dwivedi, Y. K., Gupta, M. P., & Sharma, R. S. (2020). Realizing digital identity in government: Prioritizing design and implementation objectives for Aadhaar in India. Government Information Quarterly,37(2), 101442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. giq.2019.101442

Missingham, R. (2001). Australian government publications: The challenge of discovery in the digital age. Australian Academic and Research Libraries, 32(4), 261–277. https:// doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2001.10755166

Mitra, S., & Banerjee, S. (2019). Information management in special archives of Kolkata: A case study. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 39(3), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.3.13914

Mohi, J. H., & Roberts, W. D. (2009). Delivering a strategy for working with Māori, and developing responsiveness to an increasingly multicultural population: A perspective from the National Library of New Zealand. IFLA Journal, 35(1), 48–58. https://doi. org/10.1177/0340035208102037

Moses, D., Mohammed, N. B., Agbu, A. D., & Gainaka, L. A. (2018). Digitization of educational technology centres for teaching electrical and electronics technology in colleges of education in north eastern Nigeria. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 7(3),199–207. https://doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0071

Müller-Török, R., Bagnato, D., & Prosser, A. (2020). Council of europe recommendation cm/ rec(2017)5 and e-voting protocol design. Masar yk Universit y Journal of Law and Technology, 14(2), 275–302. https://doi. org/10.5817/MUJLT2020-2-6

Nguyen, H. T., Grant, D. B., Bovis, C., Nguyen, T. T. Le, & Mac, Y. T. H. (2022). Digitalization in public sector in emerging economies: The enablers and inhibitors influence electronic customs in Vietnam. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 921–934. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.2.004

Nguyen, T. X. H., Tran, T. B. N., Dao, T. B., Barysheva, G., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, A. H., & Lam, T. S. (2022). Elderly People’s Adaptation to the Evolving Digital Society: A Case Study in Vietnam. Social Sciences, 11(8). https://doi. org/10.3390/socsci11080324

Nicholls, T. (2019). Local Government Performance Cost-Effectiveness and Use of the Web An Empirical.pdf. Public Finance Quarterly.

Nielsen, M. M. (2017). Egovernance frameworks for successful citizen use of online services: A Danish-Japanese comparative analysis. EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 9(2), 68–109. https://doi. org/10.29379/jedem.v9i2.462

Nielsen, M. M. (2019). Governance l essons from Denmark’s digital transformation. A CM Int ernational C onf er enc e Proceeding Series, 456–461. https://doi. org/10.1145/3325112.3329881

Noor, M. (2022). The effect of e-service quality on user satisfaction and loyalty in accessing e-government information. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 945–952. https://doi.or g/10.5267/j. ijdns.2022.2.002

Nugraha, J. T., A chmad, T., Warsono, H., & Yuniningsih, T. (2022). Understanding Information Technology Culture in Digital- Based Public Services. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 11(2), 62–79. https://doi. org/10.22495/jgrv11i2art6

Onyango, G., & Ondiek, J. O. (2021). Digitalization and Integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) in Public Organizations in Kenya. Public Organization Review, 21(3), 511–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00504-2

Oord, F. Van der, Mezeu, S., Chacko, L., & Lam, R. (n.d.). Governing Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies.

Osabwa, W. (2022). Coming to Terms With COVID-19 Reality in the Context of Africa’s Higher Education: Challenges, Insights, and Prospects. Frontiers in Education, 7(February), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.643162

Pálmai, G., Csernyák, S., & Erdélyi, Z. (2021). Authentic and reliable data in the service of national public data ass et . Publ ic Finance Quarterly, 66, 52–67. https://doi. org/10.35551/PFQ_2021_S_1_3

Palmeiro, R., Pereda, V., & Aires, L. (2019). Digital inclusion programs: The case of the Basque country. Revista Lusofona de Educacao, 45(45), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.24140/issn.1645-7250.rle45.05

Paul, M., Upadhyay, P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). Roadmap to digitalisation of an emerging economy: a view point. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(3), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/ TG-03-2020-0054

Pecheranskyi, I., & Revenko, A. (2019). Disruptive digital technologies as a means for destroying the foundations of oligarchomics: World experience and challenges for Ukraine. Economic Annals-XXI, 179(9), 31–39. https:// doi.org/10.21003/ea.V179-03

Pereira, G. V., Estevez, E., Cardona, D., Chesñevar, C., Collazzo-Yelpo, P., Cunha, M. A., Diniz, E. H., Ferraresi, A. A., Fischer, F. M., Garcia, F. C. O., Joia, L. A., Luciano, E. M., de Albuquerque, J. P., Quandt, C. O., Rios, R. S., Sánchez, A., da Silva, E. D., Silva-Junior, J. S., & Scholz, R. W. (2020). South american expert roundtable: Increasing adaptive governance capacity for coping with unintended side eects of digital transformation. Sustainability (Switzerland),12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020718

Pérez-Amaral, T., Valarezo, A., López, R., & Garín- Muñoz, T. (2021). Digital divides across consumers of internet services in Spain using panel data 2007–2019. Narrowing or not? Telecommunications Policy,45(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102093

Pittaway, J. J., & Montazemi, A. R. (2020). Know- how to lead digital transformation: The case of local governments. Government Information Q uarterl y , 37 (4), 10147 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101474

Ponomarenko, V., Rayevnyeva, O., Yermachenko, V., Ak sonova, I., & Brovko, O. (2021). Digitalization as a development factor of innovative-active university. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(4), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.18

Pulignano, V., & Lancker, W. van. (2021). Digital Cleavages and Risk in the Platform Economy in Belgium∗. Sociologia Del Lavoro, 159, 71–88. https://doi.org/10.3280/SL2021-159004

Pynnönen, S., Haltia, E., & Hujala, T. (2021). Digital forest information platform as service innovation: Finnish Metsaan.fi service use, users and utilisation. Forest Policy and Economics, 125( June 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102404

Qian, W., Liu, H., & Pan, F. (2022). Digital Economy, Industry Heterogeneity, and Service Industry Resource Allocation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13). https:// doi.org/10.3390/su14138020

Ranerup, A., & Henriksen, H. Z. (2022). Digital Discretion: Unpacking Human and Technological Agency in Automated Decision Making in Sweden’s Social Services. Social Science Computer Review, 40(2), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320980434

Rehouma, M. Ben, Geyer, T., & Kahl, T. (2020). Investigating change management based on participation and acceptance of IT in the public sector: A mixed research study. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 7(4), 51–70. https://doi. org/10.4018/IJPADA.20201001.oa4

Rodriguez-Hevía, L. F., Navío-Marco, J., & Ruiz- Gómez, L. M. (2020). Citizens’ involvement in e-government in the European Union: The rising importance of the digital skills. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17). https:// doi.org/10.3390/SU12176807

Rowe, F. (2020). Contact tracing apps and values dilemmas: A privacy paradox in a neo-liberal world. International Journal of Information Management, 55(June), 102178. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102178

Roy, J. (2017). Digital government and service delivery: An examination of performance and prospects. Canadian Public Administration, 60(4), 538–561. https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12231

Roy, J. P. (2019). Service, openness and engagement as digitally-based enablers of public value? A critical examination of digital government in Canada. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 6(3), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.4018/ IJPADA.2019070102

Roy, M. N. (2021). Promoting E-Governance in Panchayats. Journal of Rural Development, 40(2), 293–313. https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2021/v40/i2/168044

Rusu, L., & Jonathan, G. M. (2017). IT Alignment in Public Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58978-7_2

Sabani, A., Deng, H., & Thai, V. (2019). Evaluating the per f or mance of e-go v er nment in Indonesia: A thematic analysis. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Part F1481(April), 435–440. https://doi. org/10.1145/3326365.3326422

Sabani, A., Farah, M. H., & Sari Dewi, D. R. (2019).,Indonesia in the spotlight: Combating corruption through ICT enabled governance. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.130

Salakhova, V. B., Erofeeva, M. A., Pronina, E. V., Belyakova, N. V., Z aits e va, N. A., & Ishmuradova, I. I. (2021). State regulation and development of digital educational platfor ms Valentina. Worl d Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues,13(4), 956–966.

Schedler, K., Guenduez, A. A., & Frischknecht, R. (2019). How smart can government be? Exploring barriers to the adoption of smart government. Information Polity, 24(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-180095

Scupola, A., & Zanfei, A. (2016). Governance and innovation in public sector services: The case of the digital library. Government Information Quarterly, 33(2), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.04.005

Sembekov, A., Tazhbayev, N., Ulakov, N., Tatiyeva, G., & Budeshov, Y. (2021). Digital modernization of Kazakhstan’s economy in the context of global trends. Economic Annals-XXI, 187(1–2), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.21003/EA.V187-05

Seo, H., & Myeong, S. (2020). The priority of factors of building government as a platform with analytic hierarchy process analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14). https:// doi.org/10.3390/su12145615

Solomon, E. M., & van Klyton, A. (2020). The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa. Utilities Policy, 67(August), 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101104

Soni, V., Dey, P. K., Anand, R., Malhotra, C., & Banwet, D. K. (2017). Digitizing grey portions of e-governance. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(3), 419–455. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-11-2016-0076

Sourbati, M., & Loos, E. F. (2019). Interfacing age: Diversity and (in)visibility in digital public service. Journal of Digital Media and Policy, 10(3), 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00003_1

Špaček, D., Csótó, M., & Urs, N. (2020). Questioning the Real Citizen-Centricity of e-Government Development: Digitalization of G2C Services in Selected CEE Countries. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 13(1), 213–243. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2020-0009

Supari, S., & Anton, H. (2022). The Impact of the National Economic Recovery Program and Digitalization on MSME Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Economies, 10(7). https:// doi.org/10.3390/economies10070160

Tan, G. K. S., & Lim, S. S. (2022). Communicative strategies for building public confidence in data governance: Analyzing Singapore’s C O VID-19 cont act -tracing init iat ives. Big Data and Society, 9(1). https://doi. org/10.1177/20539517221104086

Todisco, L., Tomo, A., Canonico, P., Mangia, G., & Sarnacchiaro, P. (2021). Exploring social media usage in the public sector: Public employees’ perceptions of ICT’s usefulness in delivering value added. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 73(December2019), 100858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. seps.2020.100858

Tømte, C. E., Fossland, T., Aamodt, P. O., & Degn, L. (2019). Digitalisation in higher education: mapping institutional approaches for teaching and learning. Quality in Higher Education, 25(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2019.1603611

Tømte, C. E., Laterza, V., Pinheiro, R. M., & Avramovic, A. (2020). Is there a Scandinavian model for MOOCs? Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 15(4), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.18261/ ISSN.1891-943X-2020-04-02

Trusova, N. (2019). Government socio-economic policy under the digital economy in the foreign countries and Russia. Economic Annals-XXI, 180(11–12), 88–96. https://doi. org/10.21003/EA.V180-10

Tureby, M. T., & Wagrell, K. (2020). Digitization, vulnerability, and holocaust collections. Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2020(2), 87–118. https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.20.012.13015

Unceta, A., Barandiaran, X., & Lakidain, A. (2021). Digitalisation of creative industries fostered by collaborative governance: public innovation labs in gipuzkoa. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–20. https://doi. org/10.3390/su13052568

Urs, N., & Spoaller, D. (2022). Governmental Websites Quality in Romanian Cities: Usability, Accessibility, and the Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2022(66 E-June), 113–130. https://doi. org/10.24193/tras.66E.7

Vanderhorst, H. R., Suresh, S., Renukappa, S., & Heesom, D. (2021). Strategic framework of Unmanned Aerial Systems integration in the disast er management public organisations of the Dominican Republic. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 56(January), 102088. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102088

Vasyltsiv, T. G., Mulska, O. P., Levytska, O. O., Lupak, R. L., Semak, B. B., & Shtets, T. F. (2022). Factors of The Development of Ukraine’s Digital Economy: Identification and Evaluation. Science and Innovation, 18(2), 44–58.

Venkateswaran, V., & Jyotishi, A. (2018). Digital Strategy Performance Differential between Government and Private Sector: An New Institutional Economics Perspective. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, ICCIC 2017, c, 5–9. https://doi. org/10.1109/ICCIC.2017.8524567

Vicente, Y., Vizarreta, R., Rojas, C., & Ledesma, M. (2022). Digitalization and satisfaction among Peruvian users towards their civil registration office. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(4), 1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.7.005

Vilkov, A., & Tian, G. (2019). Blockchainasa Solution to the Problem of Illegal Timber Trade between Russia and China: SWOT Analysis. International Forestry Review , 21(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554819827293231

Volkova, E. (2019). Digitizing galicia: Cultural policies and trends in cultural heritage management. Abriu, 7, 25–45. https://doi. org/10.1344/ABRIU2018.7.1

Volkova, A. V., & Kulakova, T. A. (2021). Network, procedural and cognitive components of digital public governance implementation designs: Тhe e x perience of E uropea n countries. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Filosofiia i Konfliktologiia,37(2), 118–135. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.110

Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing The Past to Prepare For The Future: Writing A Literature Review. MIS Quarterly, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. freeradbiomed.2005.02.032

Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Sturm, B. J. (2020). The Dark Sides of Artificial Intelligence: An Integrated AI Governance Framework for Public Administration. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(9), 818–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2020.1749851

Xue, L., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., & Li, C. (2022). Can Digital Transformation Promote Green Technology Innovation? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127497

Yoon, K . (2021). Digit a l dil emma s in t he (Post-)pandemic state: Surveillance and information rights in South Korea. Journal of Digital Media and Policy, 12(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00048_1

Yoshida, M., Theeraroungchaisri, A., Thammetar, T., & Khlaisang, J. (2021). Exploring moocs that promote innovative public services. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24). https:// doi.org/10.3390/su132413939

Zakir Hossain, A. N. M. (2021). Local government response to COVID-19: Revitalizing local democracy in Bangladesh. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 16(4), 701–712. https://doi. org/10.18280/ijsdp.160410

Zerrer, N., & Sept, A. (2020). Smart villagers as actors of digital social innovation in rural areas. Urban Planning, 5(4), 78–88. https:// doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i4.3183

Zhang, Y., Luo, W., & Yu, F. (2020). Construction of chinese smart water conservancy platform based on the blockchain: Technology integration and innovation application. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208306

Zhao, H., Ahn, M. J., & Manoharan, A. P. (2021). E-Government, Corruption Reduction and the Role of Culture: A Study Based on Panel Data of 57 Countries. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 10(3), 86–104. https:// doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.20210701.oa6

Zumofen, R., Kakpovi, B. G., & Mabillard, V. (2022). Out comes of government digitization and effects on accountability in Benin. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 16(3), 305–317. https://doi. org/10.1108/TG-10-2021-0173