Impaired Neutrality: A Propensity That Occurs Among Indonesian Bureaucrats in the Election
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Abstract
This paper explores the propensity of neutrality disruption among Indonesian civil servants during political elections. It aims to provide empirical evidence to prove that some Indonesian civil servants have the proclivity to violate neutrality by supporting political candidates in a campaign or through social media during the elections. This research was conducted with qualitative methods by literature review, examining policy documents, and a descriptive study to provide an overview of the theoretical normative and practical findings. This research utilized the Indonesian Civil Service Commission (KASN RI) report which showcased 1,399 neutrality violation reports and 982 neutrality violation cases among Indonesian civil servants in 2020 (2020 was the year of 270 simultaneous heads of regional elections in Indonesia), making Indonesia among the “few & self-interest†sphere countries in the modified dimension of interest and societal spheres framework. As the way out from the neutrality infringement paradox, this paper proposed a collaborative approach between government agencies to overcome civil servant neutrality violations and strategies to reduce abuse of power by the head of the government agency during the elections. The implication of this study is to remind the bureaucracy that dynamics and disharmony in implementing neutral competence and political responsiveness inside the bureaucracy occur during elections. Academically, this study is significant in showcasing the complex relationship between neutral competence and political responsiveness in bureaucracy. Practically, the study is substantial for the bureaucracy to learn how to prevent and be immune from political influence during the election.
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RYU, Sangyub; VIRINDRA, Naufal.
Impaired Neutrality: A Propensity That Occurs Among Indonesian Bureaucrats in the Election.
Policy & Governance Review, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 38-53, jan. 2023.
ISSN 2580-4820.
Available at: <https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/view/622>. Date accessed: 05 oct. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v7i1.622.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Rothstein, B. (2015). The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality Of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber. Governance, 28(4). https://doi. org/10.1111/Gove.12128
Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2008). What is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Gover nment Institutions. Governance , 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-0491.2008.00391.X
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Svara, J. H. (2001). The Myth of The Dichotomy: C omplementarity of Politics and Administration in The Past and Future of Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00020
Tan, K. P. (2008). M erit ocracy and Elitism in A Global City: Ideological Shifts in Singapore. International Political Science Review, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512107083445
Thompson, D. F. (1985). The Possibil ity of Administrative Ethics. Public Administration Review, 45(5). https://doi.org/10.2307/3109930
West, W. F. (2005). Neutral Competence and Political Responsiveness: An Uneasy Relationship. Policy Studies Journal, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-0072.2005.00099.X
West , W. F., & Raso, C. (2013). Who Shapes The Rulemaking Agenda? Implications for Bureaucratic Responsiveness and Bureaucratic Control. In Journal Of Public Administration Research And Theory, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/Jopart/Mus028
Ali, D. M., Prasojo, E., & Jannah, L. M. (2017). The Transformation of Merit System in Indonesian Civil Servant Promotion System. International Journal Of Management And Administrative Sciences (Ijmas), 5(04).
Bryer, T. A. (2008). Toward A Relevant Agenda for A Responsive Public Administration. In Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/ Jopart/Mul010
Burns, J. P. (2007). Civil Service Reform in China. Oecd Journal on Budgeting, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1787/Budget-V7-Art3-En
Christensen, J. G., & Opstrup, N. (2018). Bureaucratic Dilemmas: Civil Servants Between Political Responsiveness and Normative Constraints. Governance, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/Gove.12312
Demir, T., & Nyhan, R. C. (2008). The Politics- Administration Dichotomy: An Empirical Search for Correspondence Between Theory and Practice. Public Administration Review, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-6210.2007.00839.X
Dickinson, M. J., & Rudalevige, A. (2007). “Worked Out In Fractionsâ€: Neutral Competence, Fdr, And The Bureau of The Budget. Congress and The Presidency, 34(1). https://doi. org/10.1080/07343460709507665
Duong, H. (2021). The Politicization of Civil Service R ecru it ment a nd Pr omot ion in Viet nam. Public A dministr ation and D ev e lopment , 4 1 (2). ht t ps://doi. org/10.1002/Pad.1910
Eichbaum, C., & Shaw, R. (2010). Partisan Appointees and Public Servants: An International Analysis of The Role of The Political Adviser. In Partisan Appointees And Public Servants: An International Analysis of The Role of The Political Adviser.
Genieys, W., Darviche, M. S., & Epperson, B. (2022). New Policy Elites and The Affordable Care Act: The Making of Long-Term Insiders. Journal of Policy History, 34(1). https://doi. org/10.1017/S0898030621000245
Goodnow, F. (2003). Politics And Administration: A Study in Government. Russell The Journal of The Bertrand Russell Archives, 19.
Guo-Brennan, M. (2021). The Weberian Politics-Administrati on Dichoto my in Tim of Gloal Crisis: Neutral Competence or Cadre Organizations. Chinese Public Administration Review, 12(2). https://doi. org/10.1177/153967542101200204
Hadiyantina, S. (2020). The Most Appropriate Strategy to Enhance Civil Servants’ Neutrality in The Governance. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/Jeas-03-2019-0031
Hollibaugh, G. E. (2015). Na ïve Cr on yism and Neut ra l Compet ence: Pat ronage, Performance, and Policy Agreement in Executive Appointments. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/Jopart/Muu016
Kartini, D. S. (2019). Civil Servant Neutrality on 2019 General Election in Indonesia. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 13(4).
Kaufman, H. (1956). Emerging Confl icts in The Doctrines of Public Administration. American Political Science Review, 50(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/1951335
Lee, D. S., & Park, S. (2021). Bureaucratic Responsiveness in Times of Political Crisis: The Case of Presidential Impeachment. Public Administration, 99(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/Padm.12701
Moynihan, D. P., & Roberts, A. S. (2010). The Triumph of Loyalty Over Competence: The Bush Administration and The Exhaustion of The Politicized Presidency. Public Administration Review, 70(4). https://doi. org/10.1111/J.1540-6210.2010.02178.X
Nugroho, R. A., Shaila Putri, D. P., Santoso, T. B., Utomo, D. R., & Setyowati, K. (2019). Government Official Political Neutrality in Digital Era: Challenge for Administrative Ethics? Iapa Proceedings Conference. https://doi.org/10.30589/Proceedings.2019.244
Öhberg, P., Munk Christiansen, P., & Niklasson, B. (2017). Administrative Politicization or Contestability? How Political Advisers Affect Neutral Competence in Policy Processes. Public Administration, 95(1). https://doi. org/10.1111/Padm.12253
Overeem, P. (2005). The Value of The Dichotomy: Politics, Administration, and The Political Neutrality of Administrators. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2005.11029490
Poocharoen, O. O., & Brillantes, A. (2013). Meritocracy in Asia Pacific: Status, Issues, and Challenges. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 33 (2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371x13484829
Rosenbloom, D. (2008). The Politics-Administration Dichotomy in U.S. Historical Context. Public Administration Review, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-6210.2007.00836.X
Rothstein, B. (2015). The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality Of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber. Governance, 28(4). https://doi. org/10.1111/Gove.12128
Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2008). What is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Gover nment Institutions. Governance , 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-0491.2008.00391.X
Rourke, F. E. (2018). Responsiveness and Neutral Competence in American Bureaucracy. In Democracy, Bureaucracy, and The Study of Administration. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429501036-14
Ruslihardi, M., Ramadhani, A., Wirawati, S., R ahmah, T. A., Kusuma wardhani, F., Nasution, S. R., & H arcini, H. (2021). Neutrality of The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Indonesian Elections. Joels: Journal of Election and Leadership, 2(2). https://doi. org/10.31849/Joels.V2i2.5917
Santoso, C. (2016). Participation and Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus in Direct Regional Election: Surabaya City Case. Jurnal Bina Praja, 08(01). https://doi.org/10.21787/ Jbp.08.2016.69-81
Setyowati, E. (2016). Merit System in Recruitment and Selection Process of Civil Servant Candidate in Malang Indonesia (Implementation of Recrui tment and Selection of Civil Servant Candidate in 2010). Journal of Administrative Sciences and Policy Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.15640/ Jasps.V4n1a5
Svara, J. H. (1999). Complementarity of Politics and Administration as A Legitimate Alternative to The Dichotomy Model. Administration and Society, 30(6). https:// doi.org/10.1177/00953999922019049
Svara, J. H. (2001). The Myth of The Dichotomy: C omplementarity of Politics and Administration in The Past and Future of Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00020
Tan, K. P. (2008). M erit ocracy and Elitism in A Global City: Ideological Shifts in Singapore. International Political Science Review, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512107083445
Thompson, D. F. (1985). The Possibil ity of Administrative Ethics. Public Administration Review, 45(5). https://doi.org/10.2307/3109930
West, W. F. (2005). Neutral Competence and Political Responsiveness: An Uneasy Relationship. Policy Studies Journal, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-0072.2005.00099.X
West , W. F., & Raso, C. (2013). Who Shapes The Rulemaking Agenda? Implications for Bureaucratic Responsiveness and Bureaucratic Control. In Journal Of Public Administration Research And Theory, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/Jopart/Mus028