Policy Advocacy Network in Support of the Expansion of the New South Garut Autonomous Region

The purpose of this study was to determine the policy advocacy network in support of the expansion of the new South Garut autonomous region. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The technique of collecting data through interviews and documentation, informants were selected based on purposive sampling and snowball. The data analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model including data reduction, data presentation (display), and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are that the Policy Advocacy Network in supporting the expansion of the New South Garut Autonomous Region has so far made efforts to support the expansion with their respective roles. Both South Garut academics and South Garut community leaders, especially the expansion presidium who are representatives of the South Garut community and the Garut district government itself as policy makers at the district/city level. The three actors, of course, network with each other to support the division of South Garut into a new district in West Java, through procedures that are regulated in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in establishing a new autonomous region.


Introduction
Regional Autonomy aims to improve the welfare of regional communities, one of which is through the management of their natural resources. As has been experienced by several countries in Southeast Asia such as Laos, natural resource wealth is an investment that has high attractiveness, but the insufficient potential of domestic investors and the lack of foreign investment and privatization inhibits economic improvement in regional government autonomy (Wattanakul & Watchalaanun, 2017).
The process of sustainable development and regional Submitted: 29 November 2020, Revised: 24 February 2021, Accepted: 10 March 2021 growth is one of the main concerns and goals of improving the welfare of the autonomous region which seeks to improve the quality of life of the population and ensure the lives of future generations. When this is not taken into account, it will cause problems such as in Southern European countries, namely the Canary Islands, Cabo Verde, Madeira, and the Azores. Therefore, one way to increase development in Southern European countries is by opening up investment opportunities as an effort to increase employment and investment. This is because these areas are very often experiencing many problems due to high unemployment, economic decline, the impact of agricultural land conversion, emigration flows, and the loss of existing cultural identities (Castanho et al., 2020).
In Indonesia, the Regional Autonomy Policy as stipulated in law number 22 of 1999 concerning regional government, which has been updated to law number 9 of 2015 concerning regional government, states that "in the framework of implementing the principle of decentralization, provincial, regency, and municipal areas are formed and compiled, also authorized to regulate and manage the interests of the local community according to their own initiatives and based on the aspirations of the community. This gives local governments the freedom to manage and develop regions responsibly in all fields, be they social, economic, political, and others, as an effort to increase accountability for public services (Rachaju, 2019).
Basically, the formation of autonomous regions aims to prosper and prosper the community, but the fact is that what has happened has caused many new problems, both relations between regions, between communities to the stage where the regions resulting from expansion are not successful (Hakim, 2017). The regional expansion was carried out as an effort to accommodate the aspirations of the people to improve their welfare, but not a few that caused problems from regional expansion, such as the quality of service that was getting worse, even to the extent of regional violent conflict that was divided (Maman et al., 2016). In the State Address delivered by the President on August 16, 2010, regarding the evaluation of the implementation of district/city government, only 20% of this number was successful. This means that 80% of newly created districts/cities are unsuccessful and declared a failure in implementing governance and development in new autonomous regions (Hakim, 2017).
This is a concern for the government in carrying out regional expansion. However, even though there are still many problems, there are also many good sides to regional expansion to encourage the growth of a conducive climate in the region (Santika et al., 2018), and for this, the importance of regional expansion is seen from the has not yet been split. The great desire of the people of South Garut is to immediately separate themselves from Garut Regency and immediately accelerate the expansion of the area with the formation of Garut Regency (Karangtri, 2019). This is supported by the potential of South Garut's natural resources in the agricultural, fishery, plantation, mining, and energy sectors, as well as tourism, which could be a great opportunity for development in the South Garut region to improve people's livelihoods (Djuwendah et al., 2013).
So it is necessary to do an advocacy policy for the expansion of the new South Garut autonomous region, as a systematic and organized effort to influence and push for changes in public policy in a gradual (incremental) manner. In other words, advocacy is not a revolution, but rather an effort for social change through all channels and tools of representative democracy, political processes, and legislation in the prevailing system (Puspitasari, 2011 Advocacy is a systematic and organized effort to influence and push for incremental changes in public policy. In other words, advocacy is not a revolution, but rather an effort for social change through all the channels and tools of representative democracy, political processes, and legislation contained in the prevailing system (Absor, 2012).
The aim of advocacy is to encourage the realization of changes in a condition that is not or not yet ideal as expected. More specifically, advocacy is mostly directed at the target, namely public policies made by the authorities. The success of advocacy is largely determined by its ability to build synergies between mass pressures that are "outside" the circle of policy makers and support from parties within the government.
This shows that advocacy actually occurs in a dichotomous transboundary realm between government and society, where avocation tends to create coalition development among like-minded parties (Prianto, 2017).
A policy network is a hybrid model of a policy sub-system within the framework of a police network, which can be learned through a coalition of policy network actors who can be differentiated based on their beliefs and resources (Firmansyah, 2010 obtained from laws and regulations on regional autonomy, regional government archives, official documents of other institutions related to regional expansion, academic manuscripts of regional expansion, research results from other institutions, and other documents.
The data analysis technique used is interactive model analysis according to Miles and Huberman, in which qualitative research is possible to analyze data when the researcher is in the field or after returning from a new field to be analyzed. The data analysis process consists of three things, the first is data reduction, namely the data that has been obtained is reduced by selecting data related to the research problem, while data that has nothing to do with the research problem is discarded; in this process, and tables relating to support for the expansion of South Garut and the potential of South Garut. For the conclusion of this study, the researchers then verified the Garut Regency Governance Section in charge of Regional Autonomy, to see the validity of the data that the researchers obtained were used in drawing conclusions.

Policy Advocacy Networks
Policy networks have an important role in the policy of forming new autonomous regions, at the stage of formulating policies that influence changing a goal, with the emergence of interested actors who take a network approach to encourage public participation from various stakeholders to contribute to public policy making (Firmansyah, 2010). In this case, the end result of advocacy is to make a change, so in order to make this change, it is necessary to interact and communicate with the actors involved and carry out policy advocacy (D Putu Dewi, 2016).
Policy advocacy networks emerge as a political space that seeks to bridge the interests of a community group against the government / other institutions, both formally and informally.
So in the process, advocacy networks use social, cultural, and political approaches as the main instrument. One of the reasons behind the process of establishing a policy advocacy network is the disconnection between community groups with an interest in the local government as a result of a protracted conflict process without any handling done (Tazkiardini, 2017).
The implementation of Regional Autonomy in Garut Regency is inseparable from policy network actors who are mutually committed, as for the role of local government as an actor who has the authority to manage the area and create community welfare. In addition, the role of academics is also needed to see the fact that education in the district of Garut is very far from the meaning of prospering the community because there are still many children who drop out of school due to lack of attention from the government, causing inadequate supporting facilities even though the amount of funds spent is programmed from the State Budget (Muzahidin, 2012).
In influencing a policy, of course, they will not be separated from the actors who network in a policy that influences each other. The policy networks referred to are: Academics (academia); Civil (civil society); and the Government itself The existence of this network in which some actors are very important and have the influence to carry out policy advocacy. Advocacy is carried out because it assesses a policy that tends to override the interests of the people/public interest so that it creates an injustice, therefore public policy advocacy is an important thing as one of the concrete steps taken to be able to recommend an idea to policy makers to consider making the right decision, for the problems that occur and are not arbitrary in making a policy (Afrindo, 2014).
Especially in conducting policy advocacy in supporting the expansion of the new South Garut autonomous region. This is because the struggle for the expansion of South Garut has been fought for a long time since the 2000s, but until now there has not found a common ground to be legalized as the New Regency, namely South Garut Regency, even though it has been administratively fulfilled according to existing regulations. So this is where it is necessary to carry out policy advocacy to achieve the goals expected by the South Gartu community, where advocacy is a tool to carry out an action in the form of political endeavors that aim to influence a policy (Hospita et al., 2018).
Advocacy can include the following: 1) Empower people to speak out in support of policy and persuade those in power to act to support policies at the local, national, and international levels; 2) Obtaining and using power to influence political action; 3) Organizing citizens' efforts to influence the formulation and implementation of policies through influential actors (DS et al., 2012).
The policy advocacy network that plays a role in the policy of the expansion of the new autonomous region in south Garut consists of several elements, including the South Garut academics, the Presidium of the Expansion or known as Garut elatan community leaders, and finally the Regional Government and the Regional Representative Council of Garut Regency, which has legal authority. These actors are networked actors who have direct involvement in the process of expansion of the South Garut region, which of course have a role and contribute to influencing a policy that allows achieving the desired goal, namely the legalization of South Garut Regency, and for that role, the actors influence the determination of the alternative policies to be taken.

Academia
Academia as actors who certainly have influence in carrying out policy advocacy, which from the point of view of scientific studies and directed observation are the main capital to see the importance of a policy to be decided. Academics are one of the important actors in policy advocacy because when a proposal for the formation of a new autonomous region was approved, the Parent Regional Government immediately formed a team to study the feasibility of forming the autonomous region by inviting a consortium consisting of several state and private universities (Maman et al., 2016). In this case, the discussion related to the expansion of the southern garus region is certainly a major concern that will have an impact on the expanded area in the future, so there is a need for academics to play a role in being able to analyze and provide input in the future so that the expansion has the expected impact, especially for people in South Garut, and one of them is through the development of its natural potential (Suminar et al., 2007).
The South Garut region also has a university as a basis for academics to study and observe the basic materials for drafting the legislation (Basyir, 2014).
In addition, an academic point of view also has a role in helping to analyze the wealth and potential of South Garut's natural resources, the potential that is owned is a supporting advantage in the expansion of South Garut into a new autonomous region, which will help support the regional economy and improve welfare when society can be managed properly and optimally.
As explained in the following table, which is the potential of south Garut: The potential natural resources owned by

No
Tourism Object Potential Regional(District)  it is necessary to obtain joint approval from the Regional People's Representative Council West Java Provincial, which will be discussed in the plenary session of the Regional People's Representative Council West Java Provincial on 4 December 2020.
Gunawan Undang as Chair of the Presidium also emphasized that seen from the analysis of public policies, it is better if changes to the changes in regulations for the formation of new autonomous regions from Law No.22 / 1999to Law No. 32/2004and then to Law No. 23/2014 should pay attention to the principle of justice, for new autonomous regions that already meet the requirements for expansion, which emphasizes its substance that meets the requirements based on the old law. However, regions that have fulfilled the requirements for expansion in the previous law are not regulated again in the next law. In the end, regions that are already feasible continue to carry out any changes that exist; this is burdensome and seems to make it difficult for regions to be divided. This means that in the latest law amendments, it should be regulated; if seen from the essence of regional autonomy, it will be much respected because it is seen from the struggles of studies of regions that have been hurriedly important to meet the requirements of the previous division at the expense of time, thought, effort, and cost but end up being a victim of injustice. Therefore, the Presidium for the expansion of South Garut, there are several things that are prioritized in the expansion of South Garut, including: fighting for the lifting of the moratorium on the formation of new autonomous regional candidates; struggling for the issuance of a government regulation concerning the Grand Design of Regional Arrangement) as a derivative of Law No. 23/2014 on the regional government; and building cooperation with the legislature, central government, and local governments so that the immediate formation of South Garut Regency.
The existence of South Garut expansion is based on the need for the Garut community in the south, not on political interests, given the problems that occur and the imbalance that occurs between Garut south, north Garut, and central Garut, which looks uneven, and this can also be seen from the distribution of underdeveloped villages in Garut Regency, where the South Garut region is the area with the most underdeveloped villages at 61%, which is explained as follows: Apart from getting the title of underdeveloped regions, imbalances in the scope of regional development in Garut also occur between the North, Central, and South development areas  (Djuwendah et al., 2013). Therefore, the expansion of the South Garut area into a New Regency is an alternative to overcome existing problems such as maximum public services and imbalances between regions However, related to this matter, it has become the main task of the regional government to help accommodate the community so that the expansion is carried out as soon as possible. Apart from that, other preparations are also provided by providing a budget to carry out a study on the development of the south Garut area, in which the study in question is the Regional Capacity Study, which is also assisted by West Java Province to see the feasibility capacity of the South Garut area to become a new autonomous region.
In addition, in terms of funding or budget, the Garut Regency Government as the Parent Regency provides financial support in the context of organizing the Regional Government of South Garut Regency at least Rp. 15,000,000,000, (Fifteen Billion rupiah) per year for a period of 3 (three) consecutive years from the inauguration of the preparatory area. The details of the funds described in the following table 4.
Good budget management will also have a good effect on the impact generated by a government institution, considering that the budget is an important thing in moving the wheels of government; for that, the need for good management is the obligation of the government where its performance is closely related to forty-four point fifty-six rupiah), to support the administration of regional candidates for preparation of South Garut Regency. The details of the budget are described as follows.
Regional assets are one that supports