Distortion of Government Policy Orientation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

This study examines the issue of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy discrepancies in reducing waste management and the occurrence of distortion of disagreement between the city’s government and the private sector in interpreting the contents and the scope of the policy in luenced by the interests of various stakeholders, the private sector and daily workers. This study uses a qualitative approach on the results of ethical and emic data, discussing the content of short-term project-oriented policies, which are limited to the transport of waste to cause long-term policy orientation anomalies in the trash business, thus impacting the accumulation of waste on the road, termination of unilateral contracts and demonstrations by daily workers. For this reason, PPP policy implementation shows high interest but has a low contribution to the community in Pekanbaru.


Introduction
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is not only used as a policy brand but also as a political practice in daily life in many c o u n t r i e s , p a r t i c u l a r ly i n developing countries (Klijn, 2010). There are undoubtedly different motives and purposes for each country to apply PPP.
Indonesia is one country that adopted PPP policy to deal with problems in different ields,  (8)

Literature Review
Public-Private Partnership Klijn and Teisman (2003) de ined PPP as, "More or less sustainable cooperation between public and private actors in which joint products and/or services developed and in which risks, costs and pro its are shared" (Klijn, 2010). This particular case of PPP happened in a waste project that focuses on the problems on the regulation, contract, decision-making and performance.
These are some topics that often occur in PPP researches. Some researchers have made a mapping of PPP researches, which results in some topics and sub-topics often studied in research.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) As a Hybrid
Perspective PPP is a hybrid idea of New Public Management (NPM) and the government's perspectives in public administration (Klijn, 2010

Authors
Periods Topics (Ke, Wang, Chan, & Cheung, 2009) 1998-2008 Investment environment, procurement, economic viability, fi nancial package, risk management, governance issues, and integration research (Marsilio, Cappellaro, & Cuccurullo, 2011) 1990-2010 Governmental and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), public administration and public policy academics, scholars studying transaction cost and contract theory, and scholars studying strategy and alliance/network theory (Andon, 2012) Up des 2010 The nature of and rationale for PPPs, processes and procedures encouraging the decision-making for undertaking PPPs, processes and procedures for export evaluations of PPPs, merit and worth of PPPs, and PPP regulation and guidance (De Castro E Silva Neto, Cruz, Rodrigues, & Silva, 2016) Contract performance, qualitative costs and benefits, contract design and risk sharing, political and institutional issues, and tests on value for money (Chen, Daito, & Giff ord, 2016) Performance, contract, risk, value for money, and institutional factors Source: Cui, Liu, Hope, & Wang, 2018. go on implementing urban regeneration schemes, attracting private money and getting "the job done." It is the promise of ef icient bodies run in an own managerial way delivering excellent outcomes for less money. In the world of the governance argument, PPP's are cooperative bodies where the best from public and private was used, creating innovative solutions by matching knowledge and expertise, using horizontal coordination mechanisms, that is various kind of network management strategies, to improve coordination and enhance valuable outcomes" (Klijn, 2010) Both perspectives are different in each achieving goal. The NPM perspective assumes that the government should be more focused on the formulation of public policy while the implementation process delegated to the private or non-pro it sectors of the organization for ef iciency.
Otherwise, based on the governance perspective, we realize that the government cannot handle the process of a policy to achieve its goal as a single actor only. There should be coordination and collaboration with a private or non-pro it organization (NGO).
Hence, PPP could expect a solution in which both goals could be achieved at the same time. There is actually a motive that becomes a dominant reason to apply PPP, which is "better decision making" (Koppenjan, 2008). The NPM perspective emphasizes that private or non-pro it organizations should handle the policy implementation process.

Management
Types of infrastructure projects that could apply the PPP model include transportation Management is one of the infrastructure projects that apply the PPP model in many countries. Wang et al. (2019) stated that the application of the PPP model in waste management produced two bene its at the same time, namely reducing the pressure of local governments, increasing ef iciency and reducing pollution during the disposal process (Wang et al., 2019).
The application of the PPP model has different impacts in its application in various countries. Some research results which applied the PPP pattern in waste management mentioned several success and failure factors in its application.
Like China, in Asian countries, China is a wasteproducing country whose growth is 5% higher than other Asian countries (Mian et al., 2017 as cited in Wang et al., 2019). In China, garbage services are dominated by household waste (Zhang, Tan, & Gersberg, 2010 According to Meidiana & Gamse (2010), the practice of handling waste in Indonesia is still not running ef iciently due to the inadequacy of the law regarding waste management. All the problems faced by many countries in handling waste using the PPP model must be a record that should be corrected, especially in terms of the policy so that the excellent service provided to the public could realize optimally.

Methods
The qualitative research method used in this discussion is based on Cresswell's method, which is used as a method to explore and understand the meaning of individuals or groups that are thought to originate from social and humanitarian problems. The sources and types of data in this research is primary data from informants that have ful illed speci ic relevance criteria related with PPP, and secondary data obtained from and measurable in-depth interviews. The analysis of qualitative data is done using the techniques proposed by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing (Yandra et al., 2018). This process takes place continuously throughout the study, even before the data is collected. When sharpening the analysis of research data, ethical information is needed, namely the views of researchers based on existing theories and concepts, and the emic information is the view of the informant.

Public-Private Partnership Policy Orientation in Pekanbaru City in Waste Management
Waste management policy through a partnership pattern could be interpreted as an effort involves the role of the private sector in resolving waste issues, as well as fostering community behaviour to reduce waste production. for the work that is still insured.

Bene it Type Policy
The

Decision-Making Position
The The waste problem should be seen from the many perspectives so that there are other options that need to be done in handling waste in the city of Pekanbaru.

Resources involved
Regarding the resources, DKP engaged in cooperation with PT. MIG on as many as 1159 THL Handling Section. The inal waste management process in 2016 was divided into THL Sweeping, THL garbage transport, collector foreman and clerk levy. All THL involved play a role in the waste transport process, but they do not play a role in the processing and recycling of waste. The details of the THL are as follows:  been only two billion. This is apparently due to

Characteristics of Institutions and Rulers
The 3. C o m p l i a n c e a n d i m p l e m e n t i n g Klijn and Koppenjan stated that "contracts are probably a necessary or at least an important condition but not a suf icient condition" (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016). PPP contract cannot be regulated by its commitment only. Other complex factors can make the partnership run well, such as interaction quality, management activity, and trust.
Contract mostly does not rule actors network who are explicitly involved (Klijn & Koppenjan, 2016).

Conclusion
The distortion happened because some factors of policy content and context were not implemented appropriately. Distortion comes from PT. MIG as the winner of the project of waste management in Pekanbaru, who broke the agreement. It could be seen from the problem of waste deportation, the lack of armada number which is less than what has been agreed in the partnership agreement, the delay of THL fee payment, and also the labour walkout of THL. It is clear that the DKP has to advance the socialization into society about waste deportation timing and implement the penalty that is given to people who do not throw waste in the proper place.
Further investigation can anticipate the distortion by diagnosing the problem of why the policy is still run, despite being a seemingly simple or an obviously complicated problem. The complexity problem level will need a different solution and also a different approach to get an answer.
This study is limited to the implementation in policy content and context viewpoint. Therefore, the nest study may focus on policy formulation, society participation in waste management or application of penalty for wasting in an inappropriate place.